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This study aims at the investigation of the possibilities to use immobilised lipase from Candida antarctica in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil. The first series of experiments was performed to measure the extract yields obtained with pure CO2 and with the added entrainer (ethanol). The yield increased more than twice after increasing the extraction p

Ga1-xMnxAs/GaAs superlattices with Mn concentrations of 1% and 5% in the Ga1-xMnxAs layers and a GaAs spacer thickness of 4 and 60 GaAs monolayers have been studied by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. By achieving atomic resolution of the superlattices, we observe individual Mn atoms in the Ga1-xMnxAs layers and in the GaAs spacer. We find that about 20% of the total amount of Mn dif

Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) c-Kit signalling is crucial for the proliferation, survival and differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To further understand the mechanisms underlying these events we explored how the downstream mediators interact. The present study investigated the function of conventional protein kinase Cs (c-PKC) in c-Kit mediated signalling pathways in HSC-like cell

Forces have been measured between silica surfaces with adsorbed surfactants by means of a bimorph surface force apparatus. The surfactants used are the cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and the nonionic surfactant hexakis(ethylene glycol) mono-n-tetradecyl ether (C14E6) as well as mixtures of these two surfactants. The measurements were made at elevated pH, and the eff

Previous studies suggested a link between the use of G-CSF and increased incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for severe aplastic anemia (SAA). This European survey included 840 patients who received a first-line IST with (43%) or without (57%) G-CSF. The incidences of MDS/AML in patients who did or did not receive G-CSF

Variations in molybdenum isotopic composition, spanning the range of similar to 2.3 parts per thousand in the terms of Mo-97/Mo-95 ratio, have been measured in sediment cores from three lakes in northern Sweden and north-western Russia. These variations have been produced by both isotopically variable input of Mo into the lakes due to Mo isotopic heterogeneity of bedrock in the drainage basins and

This note contains a criticism of an article by Deger and Sen (1983) who discuss the causes of military expenditure in less developed countries. It is argued that their utility function is unsuitably specified and that the conclusions drawn may be called into question. Moreover, it is doubtful whether the concept of a benevolent government that maximizes a single utility function is conducive to a

Long-range solvation properties of strongly coupled dipolar systems simulated using the Ewald and reaction field methods are assessed by using electric fluctuation formulas for a dielectric medium. Some components of the fluctuating electric multipole moments are suppressed, whereas other components are favored as the boundary of the simulation box is approached. An analysis of electrostatic inter

'Sustainable development' is a widely used, but less practised, complex term. Using the idea of 'Viability Loops' (VL) based on a System Dynamics (SD) approach and considering sustainability as an ideal for development efforts, this paper argues that sustainable development should be considered as an unending process rather than a state. Thus, a systemic framework is proposed to 'monitor' systems

Large eddy simulations (LES) of confined turbulent swirling flows in a model dump combustor are carried out. The simulations are based on a high-order finite difference method on a Cartesian grid, with the sub-grid scale stress tensor modelled using a scale-similarity model. The aims of this work are to study the physics of the flow and to evaluate the performance of LES method for simulation of t

The integrated assessment modeling on acid rain has incorporated several related effects and pollutants into a multi-pollutant/multi-effect approach, resulting in complex integrated models and policy assessments. The development and implementation of effects-oriented cost-effective emission reduction strategies in Europe are based on integrated assessment models. The project on national integrated

This paper presents results which show that the interaction between two phenolic acids, p-coumaric and caffeic acid, with iron results in the formation of meta-stable colloidal nano particles. The particles are characterized with dynamic light scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the nanoparticle formation is an important feature of phenolic acids which is li

With the ever increasing amount of genomic data available, the interest for generating biochemical pathways has grown tremendously. So far, mainly complete genomes have been used to reconstruct the biochemical pathways and their associated interactions. However, a large number of low coverage genomes, as well as other sources of partial genomic data, are currently available for many organisms. In

Background: Contact allergy to and allergic contact dermatitis from methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) have been frequently reported since the 1990s. Objective: This study was initiated to help determine the optimal test preparation for MDBGN and to help determine the clinical relevance of such a contact allergy. Method. In 38 patients with positive (32 patients) or doubtful (6 patients) patch-te

The aim of this study was to review randomised controlled trials on integrated and coordinated interventions targeting frail elderly people living in the community, their outcome measurements and their effects on the client, the caregiver and healthcare utilisation. A literature search of PubMed, AgeLine, Cinahl and AMED was carried out with the following inclusion criteria: original article; inte

A molecular theory is presented for the field-dependent spin-lattice relaxation time of water in tissue. The theory attributes the large relaxation enhancement observed at low frequencies to intermediary protons in labile groups or internal water molecules that act as relaxation sinks for the bulk water protons. Exchange of intermediary protons not only transfers magnetization to bulk water proton