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Genetic markers can be used as instrumental variables, in an analogous way to randomization in a clinical trial, to estimate the causal relationship between a phenotype and an outcome variable. Our purpose is to extend the existing methods for such Mendelian randomization studies to the context of multiple genetic markers measured in multiple studies, based on the analysis of individual participan

We demonstrate the potential of infrared degenerate four-wave mixing (IR-DFWM) as a tool for non-intrusive in situ spatially resolved detection of CH3Cl in reactive hot gas flows especially feasible for applications to biomass combustion and gasification. IR-DFWM spectra of CH3Cl, by probing ro-vibrational transitions belonging to the fundamental stretching modes v(1) and v(4), have been successfu

Many proposed extensions of the standard model of particle physics predict the existence of weakly interacting sub-eV particles (WISPs) such as hidden-sector photons and axions, which are also of interest as dark matter candidates. In this paper we propose a novel experimental approach in which microwave photonic lattice structures form part of a 'light shining through the wall'-type experiment to

Context. The solution of the nonlocal thermodynamical equilibrium (non-LTE) radiative transfer equation usually relies on stationary iterative methods, which may falsely converge in some cases. Furthermore, these methods are often unable to handle large-scale systems, such as molecular spectra emerging from, for example, cool stellar atmospheres. Aims. Our objective is to develop a new method, whi

Swedish has – like other Germanic languages – flexible stress placement, which underlies morphological rules and is also based on the individual word’s origin. The achievement of the correct usage when learning Swedish is challenging. As second language learners of Swedish in the classrooms present speakers of a variety of first languages (L1s), the opportunity has been taken to have a closer look

Popular Abstract in SwedishBarn till föräldrar med psykisk ohälsa är en eftersatt grupp. Syftet med denna studie är att studera pedagogers utveckling som kompletterande anknytningsperson i relation till en tre-årig fortbildning.Fortbildnigen ägde rum samtidigt som pedagogerna arbetade och innehöll teorier om barns utveckling, nämligen anknytningsteori, affektteori samt Sterns teori om barns självuChildren whose parents suffer from mental illness are a neglected group. The child´s need of a secure predictable grown up, is not always compatible with the parents abilities to care for the child. The objective in the thesis is to study and analyse preschool teacher´s development in relation to an in-service training for a period of three years and to study the development of the teacher´s work

Background: Propionibacterium acnes is a commensal of human skin but is also known to be involved in certain diseases, such as acne vulgaris and infections of orthopaedic implants. Treatment of these conditions is complicated by increased resistance to antibiotics and/or biofilm formation of P. acnes bacteria. P. acnes can be infected by bacteriophages, but until recently little has been known abo

Cultured Schwann cells in tendon autografts for nerve repair improve the early phase of nerve regeneration in rat sciatic nerves as judged by the rate of axonal outgrowth. We tested the long-term effects on functional recovery using measurements of muscle force, the number of axons and myelination, using morphometry. In addition, we recorded wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle. Schwann cell cul

A recent study reported a large increase in the number of meniscal procedures from 2000 to 2011 in Denmark. We examined the nation-wide distribution of meniscal procedures performed in the private and public sector in Denmark since different incentives may be present and the use of these procedures may differ from region to region.

We exploit a series of robust, but simple and convenient colloidal lithography (CL) approaches, using a microsphere array as a mask or as a guiding template, and combine this with surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) to fabricate patterned polymer-brush microstructures. The advantages of the CL technique over other lithographic approaches for the fabrication of patterne

The authors argue that Information Security Management (ISM) would benefit from studies that examine the social and psychological mechanisms that, when in evidence, generate employee aware¬ness of information security (IS) related issues. Properly instilled, IS awareness has the power to en¬gender a proactive wariness beyond mechanical guidelines, however detailed. To study how awareness travels i

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified multiple loci at which common variants modestly but reproducibly influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D)(1-11). Established associations to common and rare variants explain only a small proportion of the heritability of T2D. As previously published analyses had limited power to identify variants with modest effects, we carried out meta-analysis

Objectives To describe the ultrasound characteristics of endometriomas in pre- and postmenopausal patients and to develop rules that characterize endometriomas. Methods All patients included in the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) studies were used in our analysis. Patients with an adnexal mass were scanned by experienced sonologists using a standardized research protocol. The gold stan

Hematopoiesis, the formation of blood cells, ultimately depends on a rare population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can both self-renew to maintain the HSC pool, and differentiate into all mature blood lineages. HSC fate decisions are governed by a complex combination of numerous signals, although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. This thesis describes the role of two i

Previous studies have shown that endothelin type B (ETB) and 5-hydroxytryptamine type IB (5-HTIB) receptors are upregulated following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of the present study was to test whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKI/2) inhibition could alter the degree of SAH induced receptor upregulation in addition to prevent the cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction.