Digitally animated characters are promising tools in research studying how we integrate information from speech and visual sources such as gestures because they allow specific gesture features to be manipulated in isolation. We present an approach combining motion capture and 3D-animated characters that allows us to manipulate natural individual gesture strokes for experimental purposes, for examp

This review, devoted to the memory of Kåre Larsson, deals with surfactant and lipid self-assembly. The focus is on the crucial role of NMR techniques in the understanding, at a molecular level, molecular dynamics and microstructure. The strength of NMR self-diffusion in determining size and shape of supramolecular aggregates as well as microstructural features, in terms of water-in-oil, oil-in-wat

BACKGROUND: The optimal prime solution for the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit in adult cardiac surgery has not yet been defined. Mannitol is widely used in the priming solution for CPB despite the fact that there is no clear consensus on the role of mannitol in cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mannitol in the CPB prime solution. METHODS: This prospectiv

Physical activity has been proposed to be beneficial for prevention of depression, although the importance of exercise intensity, sex-specific mechanisms, and duration of the effects need to be clarified. Using an observational study design, following 395,369 individuals up to 21 years we studied whether participation in an ultralong-distance cross-country ski race was associated with lower risk o

OBJECTIVES: Primary graft dysfunction is a severe form of acute lung injury and a major cause of early morbidity and mortality encountered after lung transplant.We used a customized PExA 2.0 instrument (PExA, Gothenburg, Sweden) to measure particle flow in exhaled air during mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Our objective was to discover whether patients who developed primary graf

Hox genes orchestrate development by patterning the embryonic axis. Vertebrate Hox genes are arranged in four compact clusters, and the spacing between genes is assumed to be crucial for their function. The genomes of squamate reptiles are unusually rich and variable in transposable elements (TEs), and it has been suggested that TE invasion is responsible for the Hox cluster expansion seen in snak

We investigated visual working memory encoding across saccadic eye movements, focusing our analysis on refixation behavior. Over 10-s periods, participants performed a visual search for three, four, or five targets and remembered their orientations for a subsequent change-detection task. In 50% of the trials, one of the targets had its orientation changed. From the visual search period, we scored

An unresolved problem in eye movement research is how a representation is constructed on-line from several consecutive fixations of a scene. Such a scene representation is generally understood to be sparse; yet, for meeting behavioral goals a certain level of detail is needed. We propose that this is achieved through the buildup of latent representations acquired at fixation. Latent representation

Shape perception is intrinsically holistic: combinations of features give rise to configurations with emergent properties that are different from the sum of the parts. The current study investigated neural markers of holistic shape representations learned by means of categorization training. We used the EEG frequency tagging technique, where two parts of a shape stimulus were 'tagged' by modifying

Perceptual learning improves visual performance. Among the plausible mechanisms of learning, reduction of perceptual bias has been studied the least. Perceptual bias may compensate for lack of stimulus information, but excessive reliance on bias diminishes visual discriminability. We investigated the time course of bias in a perceptual grouping task and studied the associated cortical dynamics in

The present article is concerned with mechanisms which are responsible for the exaggerated brain damage observed in hyperglycemic animals subjected to transient global or forebrain ischemia. Since hyperglycemia enchances the production of lactate plus H+ during ischemia, it seems likely that aggravation of damage is due to exaggerated intra- and extracellular acidosis. This contention is supported

This paper presents and discusses a new database on nominal and real effective exchange rates for an extensive range of European countries spanning 1870-2016. Indeed, with the exception of a few countries, such long run historical series have not been previously constructed. To gage the validity of these series, comparisons with the BIS and IMF indices are conducted. In addition to stretching furt

The deposition of dust on snow accelerates melt by perturbing snow albedo, directly by darkening the snow surface and indirectly by enhancing snow grain growth. The snow darkening process impacts hydrology by shifting runoff timing and magnitude. Dust on snow deposition has been documented in the Wasatch Mountains, snowmelt from which accounts for up to 80% of surface water supply for Salt Lake C

Feedbacks between climate warming, land surface aridity, and wildfire-derived aerosols represent a large source of uncertainty in future climate predictions. Here, long-term observations of aerosol optical depth, surface level aerosol loading, fire-area burned, and hydrologic simulations are used to show that regional-scale increases in aridity and resulting wildfires have significantly increased

Hereditary cancer that has monogenic inheritance affects every tenth patient, on average, who is diagnosed with cancer, and it has been suggested, based on twin studies, that approximately 30% of all cancer patients have a genetic predisposition to developing cancer. In this article, the author posited that familial syndromes become more organ specific with increasing age at tumor presentation to