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Increasing iron concentrations in surface waters - a factor behind brownification?

Browning of inland waters has been noted over large parts of the Northern hemisphere and is a phenomenon with both ecological and societal consequences. The increase in water color is generally ascribed to increasing concentrations of dissolved organic matter of terrestrial origin. However, oftentimes the increase in water color is larger than that of organic matter, implying that changes in the c

Two-loop sunset integrals at finite volume

We show how to compute the two-loop sunset integrals at finite volume, for non-degenerate masses and non-zero momentum. We present results for all integrals that appear in the Chiral Perturbation Theory (chi PT) calculation of the pseudoscalar meson masses and decay constants at next-to-next-to-leading order, including the case of Partially Quenched chi PT. We also provide numerical implementation

Measurement of Top Quark Polarization in Top-Antitop Events from Proton- Proton Collisions at root s=7 TeV Using the ATLAS Detector

This Letter presents measurements of the polarization of the top quark in top-antitop quark pair events, using 4: 7 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at root s = 7 TeV. Final states containing one or two isolated leptons ( electrons or muons) and jets are considered. Two measurements of alpha P-l, the product of the leptonic spin-a

Human stem-cell research in gastroenterology: Experimental treatment, tourism and biobanking.

The growing interest in the possibility of applying stem-cell therapies to gastroenterological diseases is outlined. Some promising results have been reported, but more research is needed in view of the uncertainties and knowledge gaps that still exist. The ethical issues raised by this kind of research are then indicated and classified. Three problematic kinds of situation are outlined: experimen

The modifier effect in within-category induction: Default inheritance in complex noun phrases.

Within-category induction is the projection of a generic property from a class (Apples are sweet) to a subtype of that class (Chinese apples are sweet). The modifier effect refers to the discovery reported by Connolly et al., that the subtype statement tends to be judged less likely to be true than the original unmodified sentence. The effect was replicated and shown to be moderated by the typical

Electrophysiology of pancreatic beta-cells in intact mouse islets of Langerhans

When exposed to intermediate glucose concentrations (6-16 mol/l), pancreatic beta-cells in intact islets generate bursts of action potentials (superimposed on depolarised plateaux) separated by repolarised electrically silent intervals. First described more than 40 years ago, these oscillations have continued to intrigue beta-cell electrophysiologists. To date, most studies of beta-cell ion channe

Effect of Conjugated Backbone Protection on Intrinsic and Light-Induced Fluorescence Quenching in Polythiophenes

Polythiophenes (PTs), particularly regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (rr-P3HT), are important materials in photo-voltaics. The photophysical properties of PTs are still poorly understood, because of their aggregation tendency and formation of interchain species which can be avoided by insulating the conjugated backbone via self-threading. We investigated two polymers, rr-P3HT and its in

Ethical theory and the philosophy of risk: first thoughts

Contemporary psychological research has shown that if we are judged by the standards of classical models of rationality our decision-making abilities can be seriously questioned. We are more or less irrational. The article investigates how this 'fact of irrationality' affects the way normative ethical theories should be formulated and the extent to which currently dominant ethical theories can be

Economic Development and Prosperity Patterns Around the World: Structural Challenges for a Global Steady-State Economy

Taking a global perspective this paper sets out to theoretically and empirically identify prosperity patterns for four groups of countries at different levels of economic development. It conceptualizes ‘prosperity’ in terms of ecological sustainability, social inclusion, and the quality of life and contextualizes this definition in global perspective. Subsequently, it operationalizes and measures

Power in the Phenotypic Extremes: A Simulation Study of Power in Discovery and Replication of Rare Variants

Next-generation sequencing technologies are making it possible to study the role of rare variants in human disease. Many studies balance statistical power with cost-effectiveness by (a) sampling from phenotypic extremes and (b) utilizing a two-stage design. Two-stage designs include a broad-based discovery phase and selection of a subset of potential causal genes/variants to be further examined in

Cognitive restructuring and acceptance: an empirically grounded conceptual analysis

The study explores the constructs of cognitive restructuring and acceptance using items from well-established measures of the respective constructs in order to determine what subcategories or conceptual nuances that could be empirically detected, and examines these factors’relationship to each other and to positive and negative emotionality, quality of life and clinical status. The design of the s

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Vital statistics, published by the National Statistics Institute in Spain, are a highly important source for the study of perinatal health nationwide. However, the process of data collection is not well-known and has implications both for the quality and interpretation of the epidemiological results derived from this source. The aim of this study was to present how the information is collected and

Selective neuroprotective effects of the S18Y polymorphic variant of UCH-L1 in the dopaminergic system

Genetic studies have implicated the neuronal ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) protein UCH-L1 in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Moreover, the function of UCH-L1 may be lost in the brains of PD and Alzheimer's disease patients. We have previously reported that the UCH-L1 polymorphic variant S18Y, potentially protective against PD in population studies, demonstrates specific antioxidant f

Carbon dioxide ion dissociations after inner shell excitation and ionization: The origin of site-specific effects.

Multi-coincidence experiments with detection of both electrons and ions from decay of core-excited and core-ionized states of CO2 confirm that O2 (+) is formed specifically in Auger decay from the C1s-π* and O1s-π* resonances. Molecular rearrangement occurs by bending in the resonant states, and O2 (+) is produced by both single and double Auger decay. It is suggested that electron capture by C(+)

Temperature and annealing effects on InAs nanowire MOSFETs

We report on temperature dependence on the drive current as well as long-term effects of annealing in vertical InAs nanowire Field-Effect Transistors. Negatively charged traps in the HfO2 gate dielectric are suggested as one major factor in explaining the effects observed in the transistor characteristics. An energy barrier may be correlated with an un-gated InAs nanowire region covered with HfO2

Effect of 7 yr of experimental drought on vegetation dynamics and biomass storage of an eastern Amazonian rainforest

P>At least one climate model predicts severe reductions of rainfall over Amazonia during this century. Long-term throughfall exclusion (TFE) experiments represent the best available means to investigate the resilience of the Amazon rainforest to such droughts. Results are presented from a 7 yr TFE study at Caxiuana National Forest, eastern Amazonia. We focus on the impacts of the drought on tree m

The effect of smoking and alcohol consumption on markers of systemic inflammation, immunoglobulin levels and immune response following pneumococcal vaccination in patients with arthritis

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to study the influence of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on immune response to heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, immunoglobulin levels (Ig) and markers of systemic inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or spondylarthropathy (SpA). Methods: In total, 505 patients were vaccinated. Six pre-specified groups were enro

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Second-Generation Tropanol-Based Androgen Receptor Modulators

To circumvent antiandrogen resistance in prostate cancer, antiandrogens effective for both the androgen receptor (AR) and AR mutants are required. The AR antagonists in this study originate from previous findings, which showed that subtle differences in substitution pattern lead to a conformational change that alters the ligand activity, rendering an agonist to an antagonist. We have identified sm