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The bird retina offers an excellent model to investigate the mechanisms that coordinate the morphogenesis, histogenesis, and differentiation of neuron and glial cells. Although these developmental features have been intensively studied in the chicken (Gallus gallus, Linnaeus 1758), a precocial bird species, little is known about retinogenesis in altricial birds. The purpose of this study was to ex

BACKGROUND: Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-GAL) histochemistry is the most commonly used biomarker of cellular senescence. These SA-β-GAL-positive cells are senescent embryonic cells that are usually removed by apoptosis from the embryo, followed by macrophage-mediated clearance.RESULTS: Some authors have proposed that SA-β-GAL activity in differentiated neurons from young and adult m

Comparative developmental studies have shown that the retina of altricial fish and mammals is incompletely developed at birth, and that, during the first days of life, maturation proceeds rapidly. In contrast, precocial fish and mammals are born with fully differentiated retinas. Concerning birds, knowledge about retinal development is generally restricted to a single order of precocial birds, Gal

The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Islet-1 (Isl1) has been widely used as a marker of different subtypes of neurons in the developing and mature retina of vertebrates. During retinal neurogenesis, early Isl1 expression is detected in the nuclei of neuroblasts that give rise to ganglion, amacrine, bipolar, and horizontal cells. In the mature retina, Isl1 expression is restricted to the nuclei

The aim of this special issue is to invite scholars in public administration to address issues of power in relation to evaluation practices in the public sector. Power is one of those big, difficult, and inherently nebulous concepts that both scholars and practitioners appear to consciously or unconsciously avoid. Our ambition in this introduction is not to present a comprehensive conceptual revieThe aim of this special issue is to invite scholars in public administration to address issues of power in relation to evaluation practices in the public sector. Power is one of those big, difficult, and inherently nebulous concepts that both scholars and practitioners appear to consciously or unconsciously avoid. Our ambition in this introduction is not to present a comprehensive conceptual revie

The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Islet1 (Isl1) has been widely used as a marker of neuronal differentiation in the developing visual system of different classes of vertebrates, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. In the present study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of Isl1-immunoreactive cells during Xenopus laevis retinal development and its relation to the fo

This study evalluated the role of endogenous Annexin A1 in the regulation of theNLRP3 inflammasome. B57bl/6 wild-type (WT) and knockouts for ANXA1 (ANXA1-/-) received intraperitoneal injection of 1.5% starch solution for macrophagesrecruitment. NLRP3 was activated by priming cells with lipopolysaccharide (500ng/mL) for 3 hours, followed by nigericin (10 µM for 1 hour) or ATP (5 mM for 30minutes).

There is perennial debate in comparative politics about electoral institutions, but what characterizes this debate is the lack of consideration for citizens’ perspective. In this paper, we report the results of an original survey conducted on representative samples in 15 West European countries (N = 15,414). We implemented an original instrument to elicit respondents’ views by asking them to rate

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms similar to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are often present in women with endometriosis and microscopic colitis (MC). The objective of this study was to estimate GI symptoms in IBS, endometriosis, and MC, to compare the clinical expression of the diseases. Methods: Women with IBS, endometriosis, and MC were identified by diagnosis codes at a tertiary cent

Eye tracking (ET) has been used extensively in driver attention research. Amongst other findings, ET data have increased our knowledge about what drivers look at in different traffic environments and how they distribute their glances when interacting with non-driving related tasks. Eye tracking is also the go-to method when determining driver distraction via glance target classification. At the sa

In this paper, we investigate the security of SNOW-V, demonstrating two guess-and-determine (GnD) attacks against the full version with complexities 2384 and 2378, respectively, and one distinguishing attack against a reduced variant with complexity 2303 . Our GnD attacks use enumeration with recursion to explore valid guessing paths, and try to truncate as many invalid guessing paths as possible

Compensational voting refers to when voters cast a vote for a more extreme party than they prefer, in order to push policies closer to an ideal point. This article develops the idea of compensational voting in regard to pre-electoral coalition signals and polling trends. The argument is that a significant share of voters consider the relative strength of the parties in their preferred pre-electoraCompensational voting refers to when voters cast a vote for a more extreme party than they prefer, in order to push policies closer to an ideal point. This article develops the idea of compensational voting in regard to pre-electoral coalition signals and polling trends. The argument is that a significant share of voters consider the relative strength of the parties in their preferred pre-electora

Dysfunctional water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) systems are mainly determined by poor water governance, exacerbating inequalities and poverty. Multi-stakeholder partnerships provide an approach to more flexible and adaptive governance to explore these problems. In this article, national commitments made to improve WaSH, made through the Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) partnership’s Mutual Ac

SNOW 3G is a stream cipher used as one of the standard algorithms for data confidentiality and integrity protection over the air interface in the 3G and 4G mobile communication systems. SNOW-V is a recent new version that was proposed as a candidate for inclusion in the 5G standard. In this paper, we propose a faster variant of SNOW-V, called SNOW-Vi, that can reach the targeted speeds for 5G in a

Moody et al. (2018) presented a unified model of information security policy compliance (UMISPC) to explain information systems security (ISS) behaviors. The model was empirically tested against 3 main types of security-related behavior: USB practices, not locking computers appropriately, and password issues. In this study, we present a conceptual replication of Moody et al. (2018) in order to pro

Resource recovery and reuse (RRR) of fecal sludge (FS) from onsite sanitation systems describes the concept of turning human waste into valuable end products. However, studies on peoples’ perceptions of FS-derived products are still limited. Guided by the knowledge, attitudes and practices framework, and data from a survey of 395 households, focus group discussions and key informant interviews, th

Traditional network architecture design of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) is incapable of dynamically scaling resources based on the served traffic and requires manual procedures for network capacity upgrades. Today's over-provisioning approach based on proprietary hardware (HW) would not be cost and energy efficient to cope with the ever-increasing scale of Internet of Things (IoT) devices