In Salix myrsinifolia-phylicifolia, males and females produced approximately the same number of catkins per individual, but males produced more flowers per catkin. Females had a higher concentration of sugars in the nectar than males, but the standing crop of nectar did not differ between sexes. Females had a hexoserich nectar, males a sucrose-dominated nectar. Bumblebees discriminated between mal

The nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora captures nematodes using adhesive polymers present on special hyphae (traps) which form a three-dimensional network. To understand further the adhesion mechanisms, A. oligospora surface polymers were visualized by transmisson electron microscopy and characterized by chemical methods. Both traps and hyphae were surrounded by a fibrillar layer of extr

Electron microscopic studies of nematodes infected with the chytridiomycetous fungusCatenaria anguillulae indicated that zoospores of the fungus adhered to the cuticle of nematodes by a layer of extracellular polymers. The chemical composition of the adhesive polymers and their interaction with a solid surface were examined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, using an attenuated total re

Four fragment size groups of maple leaf litter (Acer platanoides) were leached with sterile water. The fragments and leachates were inoculated with bacteria isolated from maple leaf litter and bacterial activity and growth were determined. About 80-90% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from the leaf fragments was released during the 1st day; the release was negatively correlated with

The failure of metal structures in contact with natural, untreated waters is frequently ascribed to bacterial corrosion. This study compares the corrosive effects of Vibrio natriegens (V. natriegens) when in batch and continuous flow culture. Evidence is presented for enhanced corrosion of carbon steel resulting from aerobic culture of V. natriegens with two sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The co

The growth of 10 isolates of rhizosphere bacteria was compared in the rhizoplane (RP), rhizosphere (RS) and non-rhizosphere soil of a model system with rape seedlings growing in sterile sand. The colonization of the RP differed little among isolates. However, the bacterial isolates differed according to their degree of dependence on the root for growth, as judged by RS:RP and plant:non-plant ratio

The phospholipid fatty acid composition and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) content of initially adhered and free-living cells of a Pseudomonas sp. isolated from the rape plant Brassica napus were examined with gas chromatography (GC). Five different adhesion experiments were made including variations in surface charge (hydrophilic and lipophilic), temperature, media composition and time of adhesion.

Applications of quantitative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (selected ion monitoring) to clinical and ecological microbiology are described. The technique permits determination of selected microbial metabolites and can be used for the rapid diagnosis of, for example, tuberculosis by ion-focusing of specific branch-chain fatty acids. The technique is also used to determine diaminopimelic and

The therapeutic management of Sjögren syndrome (SjS) has not changed substantially in recent decades: treatment decisions remain challenging in clinical practice, without a specific therapeutic target beyond the relief of symptoms as the most important goal. In view of this scenario, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) promoted and supported an international collaborative study (EULAR S

A semi-analytic model is developed to describe the flow through an inlet between a lagoon and the sea due to a simple tide and the related morphological response of the inlet. The governing equation for the water level variation in the lagoon is derived from the continuity and momentum equations and then solved for quasi-steady conditions yielding analytic expression for the main flow-related prop

The successful synthesis of hierarchically structured titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) with large intracrystalline macropores by steam-assisted crystallisation of mesoporous silica particles is reported. The macropore topology was imaged in 3D by using electron tomography and synchrotron radiation-based ptychographic X-ray computed tomography, revealing interconnected macropores within the crystals ac

The phenomenon of overtourism encapsulates the spirit of contemporary mass tourism. It has gained attention lately as an unsustainable consequence of the intensification of destination management principles in urban economic planning strategy. Stories about “the invasion” of visitors into a numberof popular European cities frequently circulate in news and social media. Research has begun to examin

Countering fear and promoting experiences of security and safety among visitors are key issues in creating socially sustainable urban destinations. Security branding is a growing place branding paradigm through which to enhance experiences and perceptions of safety in cities, nations and regions (Coaffee and Van Ham, 2008; Coaffee and Rogers, 2008; Avraham and Ketter, 2008). This paper discusses h

The increasing number of tourists to urban destinations such as, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dubrovnik, Hong Kong, and Rio de Janeiro cause a range of problems related to conflicts between visitors and residents, lack of accessibility to different areas in the cities, and damage to green spaces (Joppe, 2018; Novy, 2018). The growth focused strategies of urban destinations have created an unstainable tou

Whereas extant theorizing on inter-organizational relational dynamics has highlighted the importance of between-partner differences, we shift attention to within-partner differences. We explore how internal fragmentation – i.e., the existence of multiple coalitions within a partner organization, each with different interests and perspectives – influences the evolution of relational characteristics

Infants are at risk for iron deficiency. Despite research advances, assessing iron stores during infancy remains a challenge to the clinician. Ferritin is the first-choice laboratory marker for measuring iron stores but it is today still unclear how to evaluate reference intervals among infants. We have studied Swedish infants (n = 456), born at term after normal pregnancies. Ferritin was measured

BACKGROUND: In mitral valve dysfunction, noninvasive measurement of transmitral blood flow is an important clinical examination. Flow imaging of the mitral valve, however, is challenging, since it moves in and out of the image plane during the cardiac cycle.PURPOSE: To more accurately measure mitral flow, a slice-following MRI phase contrast sequence is proposed. This study aimed to implement such