This paper examines information services in association with charging services, and in particular players that offer information services related to charging service offerings from many different operators. It identifies two main types of business models through studying and comparing 25 European charging information service providers. For one type of players the paper analyses the network charact

In this study, we examined the isolation of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) from sodium-based spent sulfite liquor, in conjunction with minimization of membrane fouling. We screened 3 polysulfone (PS) membranes with cutoffs of 100, 50, and 25 kDa, respectively. Flux and retention for the 100- and 50-kDa membranes had the same order of magnitude, indicating that these properties were determine

Lactose, glucose and galactose contents in milk and fermented milk products and their lactose-free alternatives, were determined. Storage of products up to the best-before dates had no effect on carbohydrate composition. Total galactose content in yoghurt, i.e., free galactose plus the galactose moiety of lactose, was 2.3–2.4 g 100 g−1 (94–95% of that in milk), whereas that in Swedish soured milk

Steam flow is the main form for energy transfer in power plants, process industries, etc. The flow rate of the steam relates to the energy transfer amount directly. Pressure reducing valves are used for flow rate control of the compressible superheated steam in these piping systems. In this paper, a pressure reducing valve with a novel valve core is proposed. In order to analyze the internal flow

Pilot-control globe valve (PCGV) can use the pressure drop caused by fluid flowing through the orifice located at valve core bottom to open or close the main valve using a small pilot valve. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is adopted to analyze the pressure drop before and after valve core of PCGV and minor loss of orifice under different structural parameters and inlet ve

Radiocarbon dating is the most commonly used chronological tool in archaeological and environmental sciences dealing with the past 50,000 years, making the radiocarbon calibration curve one of the most important records in paleosciences. For the past 12,560 years, the radiocarbon calibration curve is constrained by high quality tree-ring data. Prior to this, however, its uncertainties increase rap

The challenge of multi-use forestry is to fulfil a range of economic, ecologic and social goals in a sustainable way, accounting for synergies and trade-offs among the ecosystem services provided. Climate changes add to the complexity via effects on forest ecosystem processes, such as primary production and respiration, and also by adding a new goal on the agenda: the role of forests in climate mi

Data that defines IGHV (immunoglobulin heavy chain variable) germline gene inference using sequences of IgM-encoding transcriptomes obtained by Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology are described. Such inference is used to establish personalized germline gene sets for in-depth antibody repertoire studies and to detect new antibody germline genes from widely available immunoglobulin-encoding transcr

Dormant hematopoietic stem cells (dHSCs) display superior serial reconstitution capacity compared to active HSCs, although their role in normal hematopoiesis has not been thoroughly investigated. Recently in Cell, Cabezas-Wallscheid et al. (2017) demonstrate involvement of retinoic acid signaling in murine dHSCs for preservation of the HSC pool.

How are threat images framed and constructed by the so-called warlord democrats (WDs)? Societies that have suffered from large-scale civil wars are commonly permeated by inter-group fear and hate. In these contexts, former military or political leaders of armed groups sometimes become involved in post-war politics. These WDs can act as reconciliation spoilers by making securitising moves, i.e. the

Organisms across the tree of life form symbiotic partnerships with microbes for metabolism, protection and resources. While some hosts evolve extreme dependence on their symbionts, others maintain facultative associations. Explaining this variation is fundamental to understanding when symbiosis can lead to new higher-level individuals, such as during the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Here we p

Genome-wide association studies have identified >50 common variants associated with kidney function, but these variants do not fully explain the variation in eGFR. We performed a two-stage meta-analysis of associations between genotypes from the Illumina exome array and eGFR on the basis of serum creatinine (eGFRcrea) among participants of European ancestry from the CKDGen Consortium (nStage1: 111

Background The revised Atlanta classification on acute pancreatitis (AP) presents distinct criteria for severity categorization. Due to the lack of reliable prognostic markers, a majority of patients with AP are currently hospitalized and initially managed identically. As incidence and financial costs are rising the need for early severity differentiation will increase. This study aimed to investi

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is without question the best tool used for diagnosing and evaluating spinal metastasis. An MRI examination is known to be of great value for the treatment planning and survival of these patients. Radiographers have an important role in how the quality of care is experienced by the patients during an MRI examination. The purpose of the study was to des

Occurring at rates up to 6-7 syllables per second, speech perception and understanding involves rapid identification of speech sounds and pre-activation of morphemes and words. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated the time-course and neural sources of pre-activation of word endings as participants heard the beginning of unfolding wOccurring at rates up to 6-7 syllables per second, speech perception and understanding involves rapid identification of speech sounds and pre-activation of morphemes and words. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated the time-course and neural sources of pre-activation of word endings as participants heard the beginning of unfolding w

The kinin system is activated during vasculitis and may contribute to chronic inflammation. C1-inhibitor is the main inhibitor of the kinin system. In this study, we investigated the presence of the kinin B1 receptor on endothelial microvesicles and its contribution to the inflammatory process. Compared with controls (n=15), patients with acute vasculitis (n=12) had markedly higher levels of circu

Objectives. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious condition where diagnosis often is delayed due to unspecific symptoms. New methods to diagnose and differentiate PH earlier would therefore be of great value. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the relationship between circulating angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers and various hemodynamic variables in relation to different cause

Purpose: To evaluate the estrogen receptor coactivator amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) as a prognostic marker, as well as a predictive marker for response to adjuvant tamoxifen and/or aromatase inhibitors, in early estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Method: AIB1 was analyzed with immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays of the Danish subcohort (N = 1396) of the International Breast Ca