Although, today, jus cogens is a recognized element of international law and international legal discourse alike, many issues of vital importance to a well-functioning jus cogens regime remain unsettled. The current debate centres on the following six questions: (1) What is the source of jus cogens obligations? (2) What is the role of consent in the creation and modification of jus cogens norms? (

Accurate predictions of net ecosystem productivity (NEPc) of forest ecosystems are essential for climate change decisions and requirements in the context of national forest growth and greenhouse gas inventories. However, drivers and underlying mechanisms determining NEPc (e.g., climate and nutrients) are not entirely understood yet, particularly when considering the influence of past periods. Here

Introduction: Thrombin generation tests (TGTs) are considered to give more detailed information of the overall coagulation capability of a patient than clotting-based routine assays. The TGT thrombin generation assay-calibrated automated thrombogram (TGA-CAT) uses both platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Assessing PRP gives more physiological test conditions and is of great

How is it that a group that self-identifies as “religious” and is associated with one of the most dramatic events in the United States during the 1980s could receive almost no attention from religious studies scholars? Furthermore, how is it that the court case in which said group was determined to not qualify as a “religion” has been discussed and challenged by legal scholars while being virtuall

Reversed lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) of the cubic micellar (I2) phase have high potential in drug delivery applications due to their ability to encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug molecules. Their interactions with various interfaces, and the consequences for the particle structure and integrity, are essential considerations in their effectiveness as drug delivery

Stöd till våldsutsatta kvinnor har historiskt sett varit en uppgift för ideellt arbetande kvinnor på kvinnojourer. De senaste två decennierna har kommunernas ansvar för våldsutsatta kvinnor och barn som bevittnat våld förtydligats. Runt om i landet har kommuner gjort satsningar för att höja kompetensen kring våld i nära relationer och för att förbättra samverkan. I vissa fall har personer med ett In Sweden, support for abused women has historically been a task for female volunteers in women’s shelters. However, due to amendments in the Social Services Act, some local municipalities have in recent years initiated services for people with experience of violence in intimate relationships, often women and men, abused as well as abusers. These specialised public sector units have an approach to

We present a biologically inspired model for estimating the position of a moving target that is invariant to the target's contrast. Our model produces a monotonic relationship between position and output activity using a divisive normalization between the 'receptive fields' of two overlapping, wide-field, small-target motion detector (STMD) neurons. These visual neurons found in flying insects, li

We have performed extensive multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations and second-order many-body perturbation calculations for F-like ions with Z = 24-30. Energy levels and transition rates for electric dipole (E1), electric-quadrupole (E2), electric-octupole (E3), magnetic dipole (M1), and magnetic-quadrupole (M2) transitions, as well as radiative lifetimes, are provided for the lowest 2

At night, our visual capacities are severely reduced, with a complete loss in our ability to see colour and a dramatic loss in our ability to see fine spatial and temporal details. This is not the case for many nocturnal animals, notably insects. Our recent work, particularly on fast-flying moths and bees and on ball-rolling dung beetles, has shown that nocturnal animals are able to distinguish co

We look at the stability of survey based subjective time preferences over time using data from a Dutch panel survey with a long time horizon and find that the ranking of individual time preferences is stable. Simple observation of the aggregated measured time preferences reveals instability in aggregated preferences. In order to shed light on this instability we look at the relationship between th

During the past few years we have seen an impressive number of studies using directed self-Assembly in soft matter research with a surprisingly wide range of underlying aims and goals. Here we will focus on field-driven colloidal selfassembly, and demonstrate how we can apply external electromagnetic fields in order to modulate the intrinsic interparticle interactions and induce additional directi

A small vacuum chamber aperture is a present trend in the design of future synchrotron light sources. This leads to a large resistive-wall impedance that can drive coupled-bunch instabilities. Another trend is the use of passively driven cavities at a harmonic of the main radio frequency to lengthen the electron bunches in order to increase the Touschek lifetime and reduce emittance blowup due to

Background: The ESPAC-3 trial showed that adjuvant gemcitabine is the standard of care based on similar survival to and less toxicity than adjuvant 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Other clinical trials have shown better survival and tumour response with gemcitabine and capecitabine than with gemcitabine alone in advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. We

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to explore the causes of variations in financial accounting and disclosure practices in a municipal setting highly influenced by governance reforms - the Swedish municipal waste management sector. This focus is motivated by the claim that recent governance reforms have made the organization of public services delivery more diversified and fragmented, which may hav

We present a high performance low-power digital base-band architecture, specially designed for an energy optimized duty-cycled wake-up receiver scheme. Based on a careful wake-up beacon design, a structured wake-up beacon detection technique leads to an architecture that compensates for the implementation loss of a low-power wake-up receiver front-end at low energy and area costs. Design parameter

Quantum dots are useful model systems for studying quantum thermoelectric behavior because of their highly energy-dependent electron transport properties, which are tunable by electrostatic gating. As a result of this strong energy dependence, the thermoelectric response of quantum dots is expected to be nonlinear with respect to an applied thermal bias. However, until now this effect has been cha

This study explores an apparently paradoxical finding in farming and fishing: low economic returns, but a high rate of occupational transmission across generations of farmers and fishers. Using a sibling model containing 11,924 children of Swedish farmers and fishers in 2012, we estimate that farmers' sons who became farmers received 28 per cent lower income than same-sex siblings with a career ou

The Monχey project will provide a large and homogeneous set of stellar yields for the low- and intermediate- mass stars and has applications particularly to galactic chemical evolution modelling. We describe our detailed grid of stellar evolutionary models and corresponding nucleosynthetic yields for stars of initial mass 0.8 M⊙ up to the limit for core collapse supernova (CC-SN) ≈ 10 M⊙. Our stud

Heartbeat. Hjertets pulserende rytme, åndedrættets tilhørende kadence, musikken inden for og uden for vores hoveder – lyde sætter spor og strukturerer vores liv indefra og ud, udefra og ind. Anri Sala skaber filmværker, der udfolder denne sammenhæng mellem liv, lyd og billeder. Det indbyrdes samspil kan opleves på Louisiana i en opsætning af fire film, der indgår i en dialog med hinanden og udstil

The number of nanoparticle-based products on the market is expected to increase considerably during the coming decades. For this to happen a solid supply of high-quality nanoparticles is needed. For metal nanoparticles no large-scale manufacturing method exists today but production using spark discharge generation is believed to be one of the most suitable candidates. Spark discharge generation of