The study concludes that there were contacts between Birka and western Finland throughout more or less the whole existence of the town. The earliest evidence of these contacts is from the 760s and the latest from the middle of the tenth century. Unlike other eastern material in Birka, which became much more frequent during the second half of the ninth century the contacts with Finland were constan

Experiments on manganese(II)- and nickel(II)-catalyzed oxidation of sulfur(IV) by oxygen in aqueous solution at pH 4.5 afford a direct measurement of the loss of sulfur(IV) during the oxidation in the natural pH-range of most atmospheric aqueous systems.Manganese(II)- and nickel(II)-catalyzed oxidation of sulfur(IV) by oxygen in aqueous solution at pH 4.5 has been studied, as a model for oxidation of sulfur(IV) to sulfuric acid at the natural pH of the droplets in most atmospheric aqueous systems.

Öresundsregionen har under decennier utvecklats till ett viktigt samarbetsprojektkring arbetsmarknad, bostadsmarknad, näringsliv, konsumtion, turism och kulturlängs den svensk-danska gränsen. Men under senare år har det skett en nedgång ibland annat pendling mellan den danska och den svenska sidan. I detta kapitel kanvi med hjälp av de sydsvenska SOM-undersökningarna visa att skåningarna tycks bry

K2 [Pd(NO3)4] has been prepared and its crystal structure determined by use of a CAD-4 diffractometer with monochromatic Mo Kα radiation. The space group is P21/c with Z = 4; a= 7.940(2); b = 15.469(4); c = 9.453(2) Å; β = 91.10(3)°. The refinement converged to R = 0.023. The structure contains discrete complexes of [Pd(NO3)4]2− with pseudo symmetry C4. Pd coordinates four oxygen from different unK2[Pd(NO3)4] has been prepared and its crystal structure determined by use of a CAD-4 diffractometer with monochromatic Mo Kα radiation. The space group is P21/c with Z = 4; a= 7.940(2); b = 15.469(4); c = 9.453(2) Å; β = 91.10(3)°. The refinement converged to R = 0.023. The structure contains discrete complexes of [Pd(NO3)4]2− with pseudo-symmetry C4. Pd coordinates four oxygens from different un

The global methane (CH4) budget is becoming an increasingly important component for managing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. This relevance, due to a shorter atmospheric lifetime and a stronger warming potential than carbon dioxide, is challenged by the still unexplained changes of atmospheric CH4 over the past decade. Emissions and concentrations of CH4 are continuing to increase,

The BRAHMS collaboration has measured transverse momentum spectra of pions, kaons, protons, and antiprotons at rapidities 0 and 3 for Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=200 GeV. As the collisions become more central the collective radial flow increases while the temperature of kinetic freeze-out decreases. The temperature is lower and the radial flow weaker at forward rapidity. Pion and kaon yields with tran

Shoot apical meristems are stem cell niches that balance proliferation with the incorporation of daughter cells into organ primordia. This balance is maintained by CLAVATA-WUSCHEL feedback signaling between the stem cells at the tip of the meristem and the underlying organizing center. Signals that provide feedback from organ primordia to control the stem cell niche in plants have also been hypoth

Attempts at modernization typically include change. We argue that, in a long term perspective, these change attempts tend to be balanced with reforms or measures aiming at stability. Many of the measures that are taken today, after years of New Public Management (NPM) reforms, aim at securing continuity and quality within the existing structures, meaning a public administration characterized by st

Background: The etiology of small intestinal cancer (SIC) is largely unknown, and there are very few epidemiological studies published to date. No studies have investigated abdominal adiposity in relation to SIC. Methods: We investigated overall obesity and abdominal adiposity in relation to SIC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a large prospective cohort

The professional profiles of the Auditors-General have gained scarce attention in scholarly work. Yet, these profiles may have major consequences for the choices that are made at the Supreme Audit Institution (SAI), for example in terms of audit approaches. This article builds on the case of the Swedish National Audit Office (SNAO). In Sweden, there is no public list of qualifications for the appo

The literature on agency autonomy typically assumes that agency autonomy is relatively stable over time, and that it unfolds primarily in the relation between agencies and their parent ministries. This chapter challenges these assumptions. It explores how agency autonomy unfolds over time from a system-wide perspective, including the relation between the agency and its parent ministry, the relatioThe literature on agency autonomy typically assumes that agency autonomy is relatively stable over time and that it unfolds primarily in the relation between agencies and their parent ministries. This chapter challenges these assumptions. It explores how agency autonomy unfolds over time from a system-wide perspective, including the relation between the agency and its parent ministry, the relation

Medborgarnas ögon på makten och en grundpelare i vårt demokratiska styrelseskick. Så beskrivs ibland den statliga revision som bedrivs vid riksrevisioner runt om i världen. Här genomförs oberoende granskningar som ska säkerställa att medborgare och deras företrädare i parlamenten får kunskap om hur statligt finansierade verksamheter använder sina medel.Idag står den statliga revisionen inför en ra

Some philosophers say that a whole is “nothing over and above” its parts. Most also take general extensional mereology to be treating wholes as “nothing over and above” their parts. It is not always clear, however, what exactly is meant by the phrase “nothing over and above.” Nor is it obvious why the phrase is associated with mereology, and what purpose it serves there. In the words of Peter Van

Purpose The cortical characteristics of the iliac crest in male have rarely been investigated with quantitative histomorphometry. Also it is still unknown how cortical microarchitecture may vary between the iliac crest and fractures related sites at the proximal femur. We studied the microarchitecture of both external and internal cortices within the iliac crest, and compared the results with femo

Color guides many important behaviors in birds. Previously we have shown that the intensity threshold for color discrimination in the chicken depends on the color contrast between stimuli and their brightness. The birds could discriminate larger color contrasts and brighter colors in lower light intensities. We suggested that chickens use spatial summation of cone signals to maintain color vision

Differential equations with discontinuities or differential equations coupled to discrete systems require frequent re-initializations of the numerical solution process. The classical starting process of multistep methods, based on increasing the order in the initialization phase, is computationally expensive when frequent discontinuities occur. Instead we propose to use the stage values or weight