This article explains how infrastructures with a sustainability record may evolve over time into a lock-in that slows the emergence of more sustainable urban infrastructures. A study of waste incineration in the Goteborg Metropolitan Area, Sweden, serves as an illustrative case. Taking leads from Unruh (2000, 2002), four rationales of lock-in are identified in the case: institutional, technical, c

Abstract in Undetermined Directional properties of the radio channel are of high importance for the development of reliable wireless systems operating in the 60 GHz frequency band. Using transfer functions measured from 61 to 65 GHz in a conference room we have extracted estimates of the multi-path component parameters using the SAGE algorithm. In the paper we compare results for line-of-sight (LO

We demonstrate the formation of a macroscopically oriented inverse bicontinuous cubic (QII) lipid phase from a sponge (L3) phase by controlled hydration during shear flow. The L3 phase was the monoolein/butanediol/water system; the addition of water reduces the butanediol concentration, inducing the formation of a diamond (QIID) cubic phase, which is oriented by the shear flow. The phenomenon was

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly malignant disease of myeloid cell line. AML is the most frequent adult leukemia with inadequate treatment possibility. The protein phosphatases are critical regulators of cell signaling, and deregulation of protein phosphatases always contribute to cell transformation. Although many studies established a relationship between protein phosphatases and leukemi

Objectives To estimate the ability to discriminate between benign and malignant adnexal masses of different size using: subjective assessment, two International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) logistic regression models (LR1 and LR2), the IOTA simple rules and the risk of malignancy index (RMI). Methods We used a multicenter IOTA database of 2445 patients with at least one adnexal mass, i.e. the dat

Background: A significant proportion of patients with asthma have persistent symptoms despite treatment with inhaled glucocorticosteroids. Objective: We hypothesized that in these patients, the alveolar parenchyma is subjected to mast cell-associated alterations. Methods: Bronchial and transbronchial biopsies from healthy controls (n = 8), patients with allergic rhinitis (n = 8), and patients with

The hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, uses both colour and odour to find flowers when foraging for nectar. In the present study we investigated how vision and olfaction interact during learning. Manduca sexta were equally attracted to a scented blue coloured feeding target (multimodal stimulus) as to one that does not carry any scent (unimodal stimulus; visual) or to an invisible scented target (unimodal s

This article reviews photoemission experiments that simultaneously resolve at least two of the following degrees of freedom: space (real and momentum space), time (intrinsic time scale of a fast experiment or time-of-flight) and spin. In the spatiotemporal domain, imaging of fast processes by PEEM gives direct insight into plasmon dynamics or magnetization processes. In the category real space &am

Model-based process design is increasingly popular when designing pharmaceutical purification processes. The effect of uncertainties in concentration measurements on the estimation of model parameters is analyzed for two cases of non-isocratic adsorption chromatography. A model, calibrated to experiments, is used to generate data by adding a Monte Carlo sampled error in the inlet concentrations. N

In January 2005, south-west Sweden was hit by a severe storm that caused large damage to the forests through massive windthrow. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of this windthrow on nitrate concentrations in the soil water below the root zone on 33 forest monitoring plots within the Swedish Throughfall Monitoring Network (SWETHRO). These sites were damaged to different extents by the

Osteoarthritis of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints is one of the major causes of poor performance in horses. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) may be a useful technique for noninvasively quantifying articular cartilage damage in horses. The purpose of this study was to describe dGEMRIC characteristics of the distal metacarpus3/metatarsus3 (Mc3/Mt

The modern medical treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients infected with this virus. ART has also been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the population level. This position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group

The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) wastewater treatment process is usually designed based on the assumption that all activity in the process occurs in the biofilm on the MBBR carriers, although there is always some active biomass in the bulk liquid due to biofilm sloughing and, sometimes, free-growing bacteria. In this study the removal of organic matter is evaluated in laboratory-scale MBBR re

The 18th century witnessed profound changes in the political thinking of Western societies regarding the individual, society and the state. The principle of freedom of religion was confirmed in the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789. A guiding principle was that the civic rights of individuals were not to be de

Complexity in property development projects involves and affects stakeholders with different attributes, interests, needs and concerns. Thus, each stakeholder may influence a project negatively or positively. The literature suggests that the concepts of stakeholder, participation, social sustainability and sustainable development are intertwined and together can contribute to social change. To enh