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Clustering of gene ontology terms in genomes.

Although protein coding genes occupy only a small fraction of genomes in higher species, they are not randomly distributed within or between chromosomes. Clustering of genes with related function(s) and/or characteristics has been evident at several different levels. To study how common the clustering of functionally related genes is and what kind of functions the end products of these genes are i

Generalized adiabatic pressure drop correlations in evaporative micro/mini-channels

Existing database in literature on the adiabatic two-phase frictional pressure drop in evaporative micro/mini-channels were reviewed. The collected database contains 769 data points, covering 12 fluids, for a wide range of operational conditions and channel dimensions. The whole database was analyzed using five existing correlations to verify their respective accuracies. The importance of the Bond

The forced oscillation technique is a sensitive method for detecting obstructive airway disease in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Objectives: To study signs of obstructive airway disease (OAD) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) using the forced oscillation technique (FOT). Method: Thirty-seven female pSS patients (median age 64, range 38-77 years) without previous physician-diagnosed OAD, participating in a longitudinal follow-up study of pulmonary function, and 74 female population-based controls (median age

Evaluation of composition and mineral structure of callus tissue in rat femoral fracture.

ABSTRACT. Callus formation is a critical step for successful fracture healing. Little is known about the molecular composition and mineral structure of the newly formed tissue in the callus. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) to assess mineral structure of callus and cortical bone and if it could provide complementary information with the compositional a

Changes in butterfly movements along a gradient of land use in farmlands of Transylvania (Romania)

Context Agricultural transformation and increased land use intensity often lead to simplified landscapes and biodiversity loss. For animals, one possible mechanism underpinning biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes is the disruption of movements. The disruption of movements may explain, for example, why butterfly communities in agricultural landscapes are often dominated by generalist speci

Long-term work disability in patients with psoriatic arthritis treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor: a population-based regional Swedish cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To study long-term work disability before and after tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-antagonist therapy in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS: Using the population-based South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group Register, we identified 191 patients with PsA (median age 43 years, range 18-58 years, 54% men), who between January 2003 and December 2007 started treatment with adalim

Effects of adalimumab treatment on endothelial cell activation markers in the skeletal muscle of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly those with severe disease, have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous studies suggest that endothelial cell activation may contribute to this co-morbidity, and that treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors could reduce the risk of CVD in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial cell a

The Emerging EU Peacebuilding Framework: Confirming or Transcending Liberal Peacebuilding

The EU is now emerging as a major actor in regional and global peacebuilding. The EU does not perceive conflict as endemic, and develops its policy on the basis that conflict is eminently resolvable if structural issues, needs, social injustice, and inequality are addressed. Yet its peacebuilding project is subject to some significant and familiar contradictions. We identify the basis for what may

Sensitizing capacity of Disperse Orange 1 and its potential metabolites from azo reduction and their cross-reactivity pattern.

Simultaneous contact allergies to Disperse Orange 1, 4-nitroaniline and p-aminodiphenylamine (PADPA), as well as to other disperse azo dyes and to p-phenylenediamine (PPD), have been reported. Cross-reactivity is one of the possible explanations for simultaneous reactions between PPD and disperse azo dyes. Some metabolites from the azo reduction of these disperse azo dyes could be sensitizers, as

The role of the sun in the celestial compass of dung beetles.

Recent research has focused on the different types of compass cues available to ball-rolling beetles for orientation, but little is known about the relative precision of each of these cues and how they interact. In this study, we find that the absolute orientation error of the celestial compass of the day-active dung beetle Scarabaeus lamarcki doubles from 16° at solar elevations below 60° to an e

Structure and Dynamics of a Compact State of a Multidomain Protein, the Mercuric Ion Reductase

The functional efficacy of colocalized, linked protein domains is dependent on linker flexibility and system compaction. However, the detailed characterization of these properties in aqueous solution presents an enduring challenge. Here, we employ a novel, to our knowledge, combination of complementary techniques, including small-angle neutron scattering, neutron spin-echo spectroscopy, and all-at

Structural dynamics of supercooled water from quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular simulations.

One of the outstanding challenges presented by liquid water is to understand how molecules can move on a picosecond time scale despite being incorporated in a three-dimensional network of relatively strong H-bonds. This challenge is exacerbated in the supercooled state, where the dramatic slowing down of structural dynamics is reminiscent of the, equally poorly understood, generic behavior of liqu

Evolution of multicomponent pheromone signals in small ermine moths involves a single fatty-acyl reductase gene

Fatty-acyl CoA reductases (FAR) convert fatty acids into fatty alcohols in pro- and eukaryotic organisms. In the Lepidoptera, members of the FAR gene family serve in the biosynthesis of sex pheromones involved in mate communication. We used a group of closely related species, the small ermine moths (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) as a model to investigate the role of FARs in the biosynthesis of compl

Feasibility study of using a "travelling" CO2 and CH4 instrument to validate continuous in situ measurement stations

In the course of the ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observation System) Demonstration Experiment a feasibility study on the usefulness of a travelling comparison instrument (TCI) was conducted in order to evaluate continuous atmospheric CO2 and CH4 measurements at two European stations. The aim of the TCI is to independently measure ambient air in parallel to the standard station instrumentation, thus pr

Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters in India - implications for large scale greenhouse gas balances

Inland waters were recently recognized to be important sources of methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to the atmosphere, and including inland water emissions in large scale greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets may potentially offset the estimated carbon sink in many areas. However, the lack of GHG flux measurements and well-defined inland water areas for extrapolation, make the magnitude of the poten

Observing the continental-scale carbon balance: assessment of sampling complementarity and redundancy in a terrestrial assimilation system by means of quantitative network design

This paper investigates the relationship between the heterogeneity of the terrestrial carbon cycle and the optimal design of observing networks to constrain it. We combine the methods of quantitative network design and carbon-cycle data assimilation to a hierarchy of increasingly heterogeneous descriptions of the European terrestrial biosphere as indicated by increasing diversity of plant function

Response to letter to the editor 'Is red cell distribution width a biomarker in risk assessment of diabetes mellitus?

We thank Dr Kurt and colleagues for their comments and interest in our study. High red cell distribution width (RDW) is a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart failure, atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular mortality [2-4]. In a recent paper in the Journal of Internal Medicine we reported that low RDW is associated with increased incidence of diabetes [1]. This article

Numerical Predictions of Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer in a Blade Internal Cooling Passage with Continuous/Truncated Ribs

Ribs are often used in the mid-section of internal turbine blades to augment heat transfer from the blade wall to a coolant, but most research works are concerned only with continuous ribs attached to the side walls. In this paper, a turbulent flow and heat transfer of a rectangular passage with continuous and truncated ribs on opposite walls have been predicted numerically. Two types of ribs are