Direct measurements of CO2 fluxes by the eddy covariance method have demonstrated that the examined middle-taiga pine forest, raised bog, true steppe, and southern tundra along the Yenisei meridian (similar to 90 degrees E) are carbon sinks of different capacities according to annual output. The tundra acts as a carbon sink starting from June; forest and bog, from May; and steppe, from the end of

pH is an important factor determining bacterial community composition in soil and water. We have directly determined the community tolerance (trait variation) to pH in communities from 22 lakes and streams ranging in pH from 4 to 9 using a growth based method not relying on distinguishing between individual populations. pH in the water samples was altered to up to 16 pH values, covering in situ pH

Pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of the South American straw material Paja Brava were investigated. Suitable process conditions for an SO(2)-catalyzed steam pretreatment of the material were determined and assessed by enzymatic digestibility of obtained fiber slurries for 72h at a water insoluble solids (WIS) content of 2%. The best pretre

Socio-culturally formed collegial contexts in the midlevel of higher education organizations have attracted increased attention from higher education researchers. It is assumed that development, change and stability are dependent on norms, habits and traditions in these contexts. This text introduces a framework useful for identifying and investigating these collegial contexts. The framework is ap

To study the prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes in primary care in relation to their baseline C-peptide concentration.

Evaluation of subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) in patients with adrenal incidentaloma (AI) including its correlation to size, attenuation at unenhanced computed tomography (CT) and unilateral or bilateral adrenal disease. Nine hospitals in Southern Sweden investigated during 2005-2007 consecutively patients with AI with hormonal and CT examinations according a regional protocol. Two hundred and t

Background There are seasonal variations and gender differences in incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D), metabolic control and responses to immune interventions at onset of the disease. We hypothesized that there are seasonal and gender differences in residual insulin secretion already at diagnosis of T1D. Methods In 2005, a national study, the Better Diabetes Diagnosis, was started to classify all

The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represents an exciting advancement with promise for stem cell transplantation therapies as well as for neurological disease modeling. Based on the emerging roles for astrocytes in neurological disorders, we investigated whether hiPSC-derived astrocyte progenitors could be engrafted to the rodent spinal cord and how the characteristics

We study a random graph model which is a superposition of bond percolation on Z(d) with parameter p, and a classical random graph G(n,c/n). We show that this model, being a homogeneous random graph, has a natural relation to the so-called "rank I case" of inhomogeneous random graphs. This allows us to use the newly developed theory of inhomogeneous random graphs to describe the phase diagram on th

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate technical skills in a coronary angiography (CA) simulator to establish the performance level of trainees and experts in virtual CA.The traditional master-apprentice way of learning CA is by practicing on patients despite a known risk for complications during training. Safe CA training is warranted, and simulators might be one possibility. Simulat

Regular Pt cluster arrays grown on the moire template formed by graphene on Ir(111) were tested for their stability with respect to CO gas exposure. Cluster stability and adsorption-Induced processes were analyzed as a function of cluster size, with In situ scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Small clusters containing fewer than 10 atoms were unstable upon CO adsorp

We previously showed that dietary sphingomyelin (SM) inhibited cholesterol absorption in animals. The key enzyme hydrolyzing SM in the gut is alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase, NPP7). Here using fecal dual-isotope ratio method we compared cholesterol absorption in the wild type (WT) and alk-SMase knockout (KO) mice. The animals were fed an emulsion containing (14)C-cholesterol and (3)H-sitoster

Attempts to optimize the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) obtained from spoiled gradient echo MRI have focused on the properties of the magnetization transfer pulse. In particular, continuous-wave models do not explicitly account for the effects of excitation and relaxation on the MTR. In this work, these were modeled by an approximation of free relaxation between the radiofrequency pulses and o

OBJECTIVE:: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a structural component of cartilage where it catalyzes collagen fibrillogenesis. Elevated amounts of COMP are found in serum during increased turnover of cartilage associated with active joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). In this study we investigated the ability of COMP to regulate complement. Such c

Heredity is a major cause of colorectal cancer, but although several rare high-risk syndromes have been linked to disease-predisposing mutations, the genetic mechanisms are undetermined in the majority of families suspected of hereditary cancer. We review the clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and the genetic and epigenetic profiles of the familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) sy

In parallel to market-like reforms in Swedish primary care, the gathering and compilation of comparative information about providers, for example through survey tools, has been improved. Such information is increasingly being used to guide individuals' choice of provider and payers' assessments of provider performance, often without critically reflecting about underlying factors affecting the resu