This master’s thesis project report deals with the design of multiplier for the reference signal to the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) used in WLAN application. The reference multiplier designed is based on a newly proposed architecture of dual loop feedback Delay Locked Loop (DLL) in which multiplication is performed within the loops. To lock the DLL, input signal is required to be delayed only for threKamal Kumar Gupta DLL Based Reference Multiplier for the use in a PLL for WLAN applications In modern wireless communication system, a frequency synthesizer/multiplier is one of the main building blocks of the system. For on-chip application, a frequency synthesizer is used as local oscillator (LO) to generate precise frequency from a single base frequency source, usually a crystal oscillator. Th

Sony Mobile has a quite large internal user group with the purpose of investigating the usability of their mobile devices. The Telephony Domain was using among other techniques usability testing to evaluate the usability of their products. The performed conventional usability testing has its limitations e.g. the controlled test environment cannot fully represent real life setting and it’s very exp

Bakgrund: En central del av Axis Communications AB är avdelningen Operations som innefattar de funktioner som arbetar med att tillhandahålla och distribuera Axis produkter. Avdelningen mäter för tillfället prestation genom ett antal indikatorer och mål som mäts för respektive funktion. I dagsläget finns det potential för att utveckla prestationsmätningen då den inte ger någon klar översikt. I taktBackground: A central part of Axis Communications AB is the Operations department, which Axis Operations currently measures performance through a number of indicators or goals that are measured for each function. However, the way performance is measured and presented today does not provide a complete picture and therefore has the potential to be developed further. As the company grows, the need fo

BAKGRUND OCH SYFTE Ett globalt företag som syftar till att långsiktigt öka sin marknadspotential, vilket Axis Communications AB gör, måste adressera utvecklingsmarknaderna i världen. Axis har tidigare haft Brasilien, Ryssland och Kina i focus och vill nu adressera Indien då den Indiska marknaden anses ha en av väldens bästa marknadspotentialer. Axis arbetar utefter sin partnermodel, vilken definieBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A global company aiming at a high market position in the future, which Axis Communications AB is, is forced to address the emerging markets. Axis has previously focused on Brazil, Russia, and China and now it is time to address the fourth BRIC country; India, since it is considered to have one of the world's greatest market potential. Axis works according to their partne

Since the disease was first discovered and defined by the German neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been referred to as one of the most detrimental neuronal disorders of mankind. Up to date, it is one of the major topics of modern neuroscience with no cure yet discovered. The number of people diagnosed with AD is likely to increase in the future if healthcar

På Galgbackens vattenanläggning i Hässleholm tillämpas bassängsinfiltration genom återinfiltration av grundvatten i en isälvsavlagring. Syftet är att kunna leverera dricksvatten med god kvalitet till konsumenterna. Grundvattnet tas från brunnar i Ignaberga och Tyringe och återinfiltreras i isälvsavlagringen. Syftet med detta examenstarbete är att genom en spårämnesstudie undersöka uppehållstid ochGalgbacken water plant in Hässleholm is applying basin infiltration by re- infiltrating groundwater into a glaciofluvial deposit. The purpose is to supply drinking water with good quality to the consumers. Groundwater is pumped from wells in Ignaberga and Tyringe and re- infiltrated into the glaciofluvial deposit. The aim with this thesis is to examine retention and dispersion of the re- infiltrat

Nästan alla organiska föreningar innehåller kol-vätebindningar (C-H). Kolväten i naturen, så som naturgas och råolja, är exempel på energirika och billiga kemiska råmaterial. Aktiveringen, och speciellt oxideringen, av dessa kol-vätebindningar är en väldigt viktig reaktion med både biologisk och industriell relevans. Ett exempel på detta är omvandlingen av metan till metanol. Metan (CH4) är huvudbOxygenases are a group of enzymes that use molecular oxygen to oxidize a substrate, a very important process both biologically and industrially. High-valent Fe(IV)-oxo species have long been implicated as the key reactive intermediates in heme and non-heme iron oxygenases. Since the first well-characterized mononuclear non-heme iron(IV)-oxo complex was reported in 2003, much effort have been put i

Användning av QSAR vid screening av kemikalier - besparar oss tid, pengar och djurs lidande Spridning av kemikalier i miljön är ett växande globalt problem. För att snabbt kunna minska eller byta ut de kemikalier som utgör störst hot mot människor och miljö måste man först identifiera de mest skadliga. Detta är dock ingen enkel uppgift eftersom modellerna man använder kräver stora mängder data sPurpose There is a need to find a quick way to assess the impacts of the growing amount of globally manufactured and emitted chemical substances. This paper evaluates the use of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) for predicting environmental effects of plastic additives in Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA). It also evaluates the impact on so called Characterization Factors (CF)

Under de senaste åren har södra halvklotet och den vidsträckta Södra oceanen fått ökad upp-märksamhet och betydelse inom det vetenskapliga samfundet med avseende på globala klimatförändringar och den globala CO2-cykeln, särskilt vad gäller förhållandena under senaste istidsmaximum (Last Glacial Maximum, LGM) och holocen. Man menar att Västvindbältet på södra halvklotet (Southern Hemisphere WesterlIn recent years, the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and the vast Southern Ocean (SO) have gained awareness and importance within the scientific community in relation to global climate change and the global CO2 cycle, par-ticularly since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and into the Holocene. It is believed that the Southern Hemi-sphere Westerlies (SHW) play a key role in regulating climate change in the m

The aim of this report is to investigate how and if FDS simulations performed by experienced fire protection consultants varies in result, and how different Swedish fire protection companies works with quality assurance of calculations carried out by FDS. This was examined by allowing eight fire protection consultants from different companies simulate a specific scenario with FDS 5, without prior

A wastewater treatment plant prediction in your computer The Källby wastewater treatment plant was set-up in a mathematical model reflecting its actual behaviour. Are the commonly available measurements good enough to perform a simulation? What kind of outcomes can we expect? After you have read the heading and the introduction, I guess that two proper questions swirling around in your head migh

Hur går elbilsintroduktionen i Sverige? Det talas allt mer om elbilar i media och bland politiker. Elon Musk, Tesla:s VD är numera en världskänd visionär, men än ser man inte speciellt många elbilar på vägarna. Så hur går elbilsintroduktionen egentligen i Sverige? I denna uppsats ges en bakgrund till möjligheter och barriärer för introduktionen av elbilar i Sverige, samt var vi är idag. Den svenskThe aim of this study has been to investigate the technical, economical and psychological barriers for the market introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEV) in Sweden. The current situation as well as future possibilities for battery electric vehicles in Sweden has also been central to this study. The study is of a qualitative nature, and is largely based on interviews with experts from the b

Kvinnojourerna uppkom för att stötta kvinnor som utsattes för våld i nära relation. Aktivister ansåg inte att myndigheter kunde tillgodose det behovet och därför startades det på deras eget bevåg ideella organisationer som drevs av ideellt aktiva kvinnor för att hjälpa och stötta dessa kvinnor. En förändring i en samhällelig diskurs bidrog till en förskjutning av våld i nära relation från att ha vThe emergence of women’s crisis centres in Sweden occurred when women activists recognised the need to offer shelter and support to women who were being subjected to intimate partner violence. The activists realised the authorities were unequipped and unwilling to offer support to victims of abuse and therefore started independently a movement of volunteer organisations who aimed to enact the supp

A manual iterative process is often used in the design process of vehicle suspension systems. This thesis aim to develop a methodology for multidisciplinary optimization of vehicle suspension systems, which can be used to introduce an optimization driven process into the design process of vehicle suspension systems. A Multibody Dynamics (MBD) model of a Strut & Coil Spring suspension system w

This thesis explores the data structure known as sparse voxel octree and how it can improve the performance of real-time ray tracing. While ray tracing is an excellent way of producing realistic effects in computer graphics it is also very computationally heavy. Its use in real-time applications such as games and simulators is therefore limited since the hardware must be able to render enough fram

Denna uppsats undersöker den ovillkorliga basinkomstens kostnad och finansieringsmöjligheter i dagslägets Sverige. Då utbetalningens nivå bör ligga minst vid existensminimum, fastställs hur stor denna summa kan tänkas vara, varefter förslagets totalkostnad beräknas. I uppsatsens huvuddel resoneras det sedan kring vilka av offentlig sektors utgiftsposter som kan ersättas av denna enda utbetalning,

In a society where more and more production becomes automated it demands robots that are as flexible and versatile as humans. Such flexibility demands automatic scheduling of tasks. In this thesis we approach the problem using Constraint Programming and through a case study we present a model for a dual-armed robot that is able to deal with a more flexible workload. We also introduce filters to cu

Habenulas roll vid kronisk smärta Kronisk smärta är ett stort folkhälsoproblem som drabbar ca 20 % av den Europeiska befolkningen. Trots denna höga prevalens är rådande kunskap bristfälligt och modern forskning inom fältet har inte kunnat uppvisa några speciellt åtråvärda resultat. Detta beror delvis på den stora komplexiteten inom smärtfältet, där känslor och andra kognitiva aspekter är en integ

With corporate social responsibility becoming more important to powerful companies, analyzing how the idea of sustainability circulates in a company and influences actors is key to understanding the potential and limitations of corporate social responsibility as companies’ strategic approach to sustainability. Individuals in a company act upon ideas and together form a shared reality. This thesis,

This study emerges from the rising concern that the now widespread faith in renewable energy systems—as a way to deal with the ecological crisis—may be unfounded. Drawing on inspiration from the global peasant movement Via Campesina and their hypothesis that small-scale agriculture is a strategy for “cooling down the Earth”, this study seeks to discuss the reasons for the widespread belief in rene