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It is now established that the transcription factors E2A, EBF1 and Foxo1 have critical roles in B cell development. Here we show that E2A and EBF1 bound regulatory elements present in the Foxo1 locus. E2A and EBF1, as well as E2A and Foxo1, in turn, were wired together by a vast spectrum of cis-regulatory sequences. These associations were dynamic during developmental progression. Occupancy by the

Using a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques, we show that a thin RhO2 surface oxide film forms prior to the bulk Rh2O3 corundum oxide on all close-packed single crystal Rh surfaces. Based on previous reports, we argue that the RhO2 surface oxide also forms on vicinal Rh surfaces as well as on Rh nanoparticles. The detailed structure of this film was previously determined using U

On 14 November 2012 the new EU-directive 2012/27/EU was published in the Official Journal of the European Union. In the directive there is a requirement, among others, for individual consumption meters for heat and hot water to be installed by 31 December 2016 in multi-apartment buildings. Individual consumption meters had earlier been found to create a saving behavior due to the tenants being cha

The Nordic countries collaborate in setting recommendations for intake of nutrients by publishing the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR). Studies exploring how well the Nordic population adheres to the NNR are limited and none are available for the metabolic syndrome (MetS) subgroup. Individuals with MetS are a large part of the adult Nordic population and their diet's nutritional quality is o

Steven Spielberg's film Saving Private Ryan is at the centre of this text, with a particular focus on how it displays the past in ways that place the audience in the middle of the historical action. By looking at various technical breakthroughs predating this film, it is argued that what we here see is the beginning of a new kind of 360-degree historiography that nowadays dominates historical epic

Young exocrine pancreas insufficient (EPI) pigs given a commercial feed (polymeric diet) show growth retardation that can be reversed by dietary supplementation with pancreatic enzymes. Our aim was to investigate if providing an elemental diet, mimicking a pre-digested diet, can support body growth in EPI-pigs. Thus, EPI-pigs, pancreatic duct-ligated at 12.2 +/- 2.6 weeks of age (15.3 +/- 4.8 kg),

Abstract in Undetermined As a generalization of the commonly assumed Poisson distribution (PD) used to estimate the annual number of peaks over threshold in partial duration series (PDS) model, the negative binomial (NB) distribution is proposed in this study. Instead of generalized pareto distribution (GPD) and exponential distribution (ED) models popularly applied to predict the probability of t

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are overexpressed on many types of cancer cells, including colorectal cancer cells, but little is known about the functional relevance of these immune regulatory molecules in malignant settings. Here, we report frequent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the flagellin receptor TLR5 and the TLR downstream effector molecules MyD88 and TIRAP that are associated with al

We aimed to explore the cerebellar cortical inputs from two spinocerebellar pathways, the spinal border cell-component of the ventral spinocerebellar tract (SBC-VSCT) and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT), respectively, in the sublobule C1 of the cerebellar posterior lobe. The two pathways were activated by electrical stimulation of the contralateral lateral funiculus (coLF) and the ipsilate

The phytochrome family of light-switchable proteins has long been studied by biochemical, spectroscopic and crystallographic means, while a direct probe for global conformational signal propagation has been lacking. Using solution X-ray scattering, we find that the photosensory cores of several bacterial phytochromes undergo similar large-scale structural changes upon red-light excitation. The dat

Drying of screeded floor slabs is an important issue for the building industry. However, virtually no attention is paid in prediction models to the hysteresis of sorption isotherms, mainly because of lack of data. Disregarding the hysteresis in prediction models will generate inaccurate predictions of future moisture distribution and remaining drying time. This paper presents a method for fast det

Symptoms of fecal incontinence and constipation are common in the general population. These can, however, be unreliably reported and are poorly discriminatory for underlying pathophysiology. Furthermore, both symptoms may coexist. In the elderly, fecal impaction always must be excluded. For patients with constipation, colon transit studies, anorectal manometry and defecography may help to identify

Background Today, dislocated femoral neck fractures are commonly treated with a cemented hip arthroplasty. However, cementing of the femoral component may lead to adverse effects and even death. Uncemented stems may lower these risks and hydroxyapatite (HA) coating may enhance integration, but prosthetic stability and clinical outcome in patients with osteoporotic bone have not been fully explored

We present spatial and dynamic information on the s = 1/2 distorted kagome antiferromagnet volborthite, Cu3V2O7(OD)(2) center dot 2D(2)O, obtained by polarized and inelastic neutron scattering. The instantaneous structure factor, S(Q), is dominated by nearest-neighbor pair correlations, with short-range order at wave vectors Q(1) = 0.65(3) angstrom(-1) and Q(2) = 1.15(5) angstrom(-1) emerging belo

OBJECTIVEMothers of children at risk for type 1 diabetes report engaging in preventive behaviors. The purpose of this study is to further document these actions in an international, longitudinal sample and examine variables that predict whether mothers engage in these behaviors.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis study examined an international sample (from Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S.) from

Replicated, factorial mesocosm experiments were conducted across Europe to study the effects of nutrient enrichment and fish density on macrophytes and on periphyton chlorophyll a (chl-a) with regard to latitude. Periphyton chl-a densities and plant decline were significantly related to nutrient loading in all countries. Fish effects were significant in a few sites only, mostly because of their co