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Syftet med regleringen av offentlig upphandling inom unionsrätten är att upprätthålla konkurrens och fri rörlighet på den inre marknaden inom Europeiska unionen. För att uppnå detta syfte finns ett grundläggande krav i upphandlingslagstiftningen på att offentliga kontrakt ska konkurrensutsättas genom annonsering. Trots det kan upphandlande myndigheter under vissa givna förutsättningar frångå kraveThe purpose of the regulation of public procurement in Community law is to maintain competition and free movement in the internal market within the European Union. To achieve this purpose it is a fundamental requirement of procurement legislation that public contracts must be subject to competition through prior publication of a contract notice. Nevertheless, contracting authorities are, under cer

Denna uppsats har särskilt inriktat sig på bedömningen av samtycke (eller frivillighet) och dess betydelse vid gränsdragningen mellan brottet våldtäkt mot barn och det mindre allvarliga brottet sexuellt utnyttjande av barn. I förarbetena uttalas att om gärningen är fullständigt frivillig och ömsesidig och barnet med hänsyn till sin utveckling och övriga omständigheter haft förmåga att bedöma och tThis paper has specifically focused on the assessment of consent (or voluntariness) and its importance in regards to the demarcation between the offence rape of a child and the less serious offence sexual exploitation of a child. In the preparatory work it is expressed that if the offence was completely voluntary and reciprosal and the child considering it’s development and other circumstances, ha

This thesis examines the role of ideas about Sweden affecting Norwegian asylum and immigration policy more specifically the decision to close the borders on November 24th 2015. The paper provides a deeper understanding of how media descriptions of Sweden affected Norwegian decision-makers. The Norwegian government were afraid that the asylum seekers previously headed for Sweden would turn to Norwa

The inability of the Security Council to consistently apply The Responsibility to Protect has drawn criticism towards the council, accusing it of a western bias. If true, this could prove a serious dent in the UN’s ambition to maintain international peace and security according to the seventh chapter of the UN charter. The aim of this study is to compare and analyze different conflicts in order to

Drawing on post-political theory the thesis explores the changes in the role of politics within the framework of the Swedish governmental commissions. The findings of the thesis show that the function of politics in the Swedish governmental commissions has shifted from a means to achieve consensus through the creation of policy despite the antagonistic nature of the political to a means to exclude

This thesis’ focus is upon accountability in a compacting governance context – the VSOPP-collaboration between the nonprofit organization Stadsmissionen and the public authority Region Skåne. Previous research has indicated that a collaborating governance context might either challenge traditional aspects of accountability or bring about non-traditional and horizontal aspects of accountability. Th

The national plebiscite in Colombia regarding the peace agreement between the government and FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) was held on October 2nd 2016 and was suprisingly won by the No-side with a minimum of votes resulting in a rejection of the current peace deal. Yet, a majority of the Colombian people did not show up at the polls to vote. Less than 40% of the electorates actual

This essay discusses climate adaption within two municipalities in Sweden. It is a comparative discourse analysis between Kristianstad and Vellinge and their climate adaption programs. It poses the question of how and to what extent different social groups are considered in the climate adaption documents. Through using Fairclough’s three dimensional model of analysis on policy documents, this essa

The aim of this thesis is to examine how well intersectionality is implemented in United Nations resolutions. The object of this study is four resolutions from the General Assembly of the United Nations and United Nations Security Council. The resolutions are CEDAW, DEVAW, resolution 1325 and resolution 8120 and they treat ways to increase women’s rights and their empowerment. The chosen theoretic

I min uppsats har jag studerat hur förtroendet för åklagaren har påverkat åklagarrollen och åklagarprofessionen. Jag har i uppsatsen utgått ifrån ett utvecklingsperspektiv där jag dels har tittat på rättsutvecklingen i form av hur åklagaren har fått allt större befogenheter och behörighet och dels har tittat på hur åklagarprofessionen påverkats i form av legitimitet, auktoritet och autonomi. Vid mIn my essay, I have studied how confidence in the prosecutor has influenced the prosecutor’s role and the prosecutorial profession. In the essay, I´ve used a development perspective, where I looked at both the legislative development, where the Prosecutor has received increasing mandate and privileges, and at the development of the prosecutorial profession in terms of legitimacy, authority and aut

Oerhörda mängder varor kommer till EU:s gränskontroller varje dag. Kontrollerna bör hanteras snabbt och effektivt för att attrahera handel med vår union – och samtidigt hålla goda standarder vad gäller kontrollen av säkerheten och lagligheten av de produkter som förs in i EU. Problem kan uppstå då misstankar väcks om att varor under transit - trots angivelse om slutlig destination utanför EU – komAn incredible amount of goods arrive at the EU border controls everyday. The controls have to be performed quickly and efficiently in order to attract trade with our union – at the same time maintain good standards safeguarding the security and legality of products that cross the EU border. Problems can occur when supsicion arises that goods in transit – despite information about a final destina

As foreign investments are conducted to a larger extent on the African continent and governments as well as corporations from the Western world are profiting from the countries’ resources, cases of exploitation of vulnerable groups are likewise being observed. These cases indicate how parties with great, economic power occasionally use their superior position when negotiating with, for example, ru

The aim of this thesis is to gather an understanding of the creation of unlikely alliances within the environmental movement as a social movement. This is done in turn done by looking at the resistance among the environmental movement as well as grassroots organizations that arose around the proposal to build a pipeline called Keystone XL made by the Canadian oil company TransCanada in 2008. The f

Under de senaste åren har lagstiftningen avseende allvarliga våldsbrott kommit att ändrats. Den 1 juli 2014 kom bestämmelsen i 3 kap. 1 § Brottsbalken (BrB) att skärpas på nytt och syftade till att fängelse på livstid i betydligt större utsträckning skulle utdömas. Lagtekniskt innebar ändringen att det i straffskalan för mord lades till att straffet för mord bör bestraffas med livstids fängelse ”oThe provision in the Swedish Penal Code Chapter 3 section 1, which regulates the penalty for murder, has been altered several times during the recent years. The latest alteration of the provision took place in July 2014 with the aim that life imprisonment should be the "average penalty". The provision was altered by adding the wording that the penalty for murder should be life imprisonme

Under international law, a government of a state is entitled to the sovereign right to invite another state to intervene militarily on its territory. This type of consensual use of military force is an exception to the rules on prohibition of use of force among states, and unlawfulness is precluded through such governmental consent. The extent to which a government is entitled to invite has been d

Den gränsöverskridande handeln spelar en central roll för EU-samarbetet, men offentliga upphandlingar är fortfarande en i huvudsak nationell angelägenhet. I en alltmer globaliserad värld kommer dock gränsöverskridande upphandlingar att spela en allt större roll. Likaledes kan gränsöverskridande samarbeten mellan upphandlande myndigheter komma att öka, för att kunna dra nytta av den inre marknadensCross-border trade is of special significance to the European cooperation, but public procurement is still mainly a national concern. Cross-border joint public procurement will play an even larger part in a more global world. Such collaboration between contracting authorities may also increase, in order to derive maximum benefit from the potential of the internal market in terms of economies of sc

Due to the refugee crisis that evolved in 2015, the Swedish Government introduced a new refugee policy in order to decrease the number of asylum seekers arriving in Sweden. This new refugee policy resulted, among other things, in a temporary law that limits the possibilities to receive a residence permit in Sweden. The temporary law has received a great amount of criticism from several consultatio

International Humanitarian Law (IHL) seeks to limit the effects of armed conflicts by protecting people not taking part in the conflict and put restrictions on the means and methods of warfare permissible. However, the legal system was created in a previous time, when armed conflicts had a different appearance. Civilian casualties constitute an absolute majority of the victims of armed conflicts t

BAKGRUND: Patienter kan ofta känna oro innan de ska genomgå en röntgenundersökning och det är röntgensjuksköterskans uppgift och ansvar att underlätta undersökningen för patienterna. SYFTE: Att belysa betydelsefulla aspekter i mötet mellan röntgensjuksköterskor och patienter som kan minska patienternas oro i samband med röntgenundersökningar. METOD: Studien är genomförd som en litteraturstudie. 13

Att ingå långvariga avtal är förenat med vissa svårigheter, speciellt eftersom det är problematiskt att på förhand förutse framtida omständigheter som kan komma att påverka ett avtal. Som utgångspunkt gäller pacta sunt servanda och möjligheten att förändra ett redan ingånget avtal har varit starkt begränsat i princip alla rättsordningar. I svensk avtalsrätt är det främst 36 § AvtL som kan användasTo enter long-term contracts is subject to certain issues, especially because it may be difficult to prospectively foresee future circumstances, that may affect the contract. The main legal principle that applies is pacta sunt servanda but the possibility to modify a contract has always been very limited in almost all legal systems. In Swedish contract law, it’s mainly the general clause 36 § AvtL