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Who governs? : Democracy and power in an American city

American political theorist Robert Dahl's 1961 work of political theory exhibits deep levels of creative thinking. When Dahl wrote, the American system of liberal democracy was generally considered to be shaped by a small group of powerful individuals who dominate because they are wealthy and influential. But by connecting the evidence in a new way in Who Governs? Dahl argued convincingly against

Structure Preserving H-infinity Optimal PI Control

A multi-variable PI (proportional integrating) controller is proved to be optimal for an important class of control problems where performance is specified in terms of frequency weighted H-infinity norms. The problem class includes networked systems with a subsystem in each node and control action along each edge. For such systems, the optimal PI controller is decentralized in the sense that contr

Decentralised Robust Inverter-based Control in Power Systems

This paper develops a novel framework for power system stability analysis, that allows for the decentralised design of inverter based controllers. The method requires that each individual inverter satisfies a standard H∞ design requirement. Critically each requirement depends only on the dynamics of the components and inverters at each individual bus, and the aggregate susceptance of the transmiss

Two-Degree-of-Freedom Control for Trajectory Tracking and Perturbation Recovery during Execution of Dynamical Movement Primitives

Modeling of robot motion as dynamical movement primitives (DMPs) has becomean important framework within robot learning and control. The ability of DMPs to adapt online with respect to the surroundings, e.g., to moving targets, has been used and developed by several researchers. In this work, a method for handling perturbations during execution of DMPs on robots was developed. Two-degree-of-freedo

Energy Optimal Excitation of Radio-Frequency Cavity

We show how to minimize the energy required to build up the electromagnetic field in radio-frequency cavities, which will allow power savings for pulsed particle accelerators. By formulating an optimal control problem for a first-order system we obtain a solution on state-feedback form. We numerically compare the optimal solution to previous approaches.

A Riccati-Based Interior Point Method for Efficient Model Predictive Control of SISO Systems

This paper presents an algorithm for Model Predictive Control of SISO systems. Based on a quadratic objective in addition to (hard) input constraints it features soft upper as well as lower constraints on the output and an input rate-of-change penalty term. It keeps the deterministic and stochastic model parts separate. The controller is designed based on the deterministic model, while the Kalman

On Generalized Proportional Allocation Policies for Traffic Signal Control

The fast-increasing demand and relatively slow growth of infrastructure capacity are providing a strong motivation for research in real-time urban traffic controls that make the best use of novel sensing in order to increase efficiency and resilience of the transportation system. In our contribution, we focus on a class of dynamic feedback traffic signal control policies that are based on a genera

A Renewed Look at Zeros of Sampled-Data Systems—From the Lifting Viewpoint

This paper studies the properties of the zeros of sampled-data systems. Since the basic study by Åström et al. that showed there can exist unstable zeros that have no relevance to the original continuous-time plant, there have been various studies that circumvent this effect by introducing various techniques. The present paper studies zeros of sampled-data systems from the standpoint of lifting. W

Autotuner identification of TITO systems using a single relay feedback experiment

Relay autotuning has proven very successful for single-input single-output systems. This paper proposes an identification method for relay autotuning of systems with two inputs and two outputs (TITO systems). The combination of asymmetric relay feedback and output error identification admits short tuning time, without the need for limit cycle convergence. The method is successfully demonstrated on

LQG-Based Control and Scheduling Co-Design

Control and scheduling co-design becomes an issue when several controller tasks share the same execution platform and disrupt the ideal sampling and actuation patterns. In co-design the objective is to optimize the combined performance of all the controllers on the platform, subject to schedulability constraints. In the paper four LQG-based co-design methods are reviewed and evaluated: delay-aware

Topology-independent robust stability of homogeneous dynamic networks

The paper presents conditions for the stability of a dynamical network described by a directed graph, whose nodes represent dynamical systems characterised by the same transfer function F(s) and whose edges account for the interactions between pairs of nodes. In turn, these interactions depend via a transference G(s) on the outputs of the subsystems associated with the connected nodes. The stabili

Closed-loop tuning rules for feedforward compensator gains

This paper presents new simple tuning rules for the gain in feedforward compensators. When the ideal feedforward controller is not possible to implement, a negative effect is introduced in the closed-loop response. So, the closed-loop transfer function from the disturbance to the error is analyzed and tuning rules for the feedforward gain are proposed. Two feedforward structures are used, a lead-l

The impact of global operations on product architecture : an exploratory study

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore how global operations of manufacturing companies influence the choice of product architecture decisions, ranging from integral to modular product designs. Design/methodology/approach: The authors perform a multiple-case study of three global manufacturing companies with integral and modular product architectures. Findings: The authors find that the

Carbohydrate-based block copolymer systems : Directed self-assembly for nanolithography applications

Self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) provides an attractive nanolithography approach, which looks especially promising for fabrication of regular structures with characteristic sizes below 10 nm. Nevertheless, directed self-assembly (DSA) and pattern transfer for BCPs with such small features remain to be a challenge. Here we demonstrate DSA of the maltoheptaose-block-polystyrene (MH1,2k-b-PS4

Symptoms of depression in Swedish fathers in the postnatal period and development of a screening tool

Methods for detecting depression in fathers after the birth of their child are scarce. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), used to screen mothers for postpartum depression (PPD), lacks somatization and externalizing items. This potentially decreases its sensitivity in detecting depression in fathers, as many men actually express depression with somatization or externalizing symptoms.

Leucocyte recruitment and molecular fortification of keratinocytes triggered by streptococcal M1 protein

Streptococcus pyogenes of the M1 serotype is commonly associated with invasive streptococcal infections and development of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The M1 protein is a powerful inducer of inflammatory responses for several human cell types, but the reason why M1 protein-related strains is over-represented in invasive streptococcal diseases is still not understood. This study was underta