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Planar and tubular solid oxide fuel cells: A comparison of transient process behaviors

Two typical configurations of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are planar cross-flow and tubular counter-flow. Even though their performance is based on the same physical principles, their operation characteristics and parameters vary considerably due to different geometries. The goals of this paper are to detect the particularities of the cell geometries at transient operation and to identify their

Liquid Membrane Techniques for Trace Metal Analysis and Speciation in Environmental and Biological Matrices

In this thesis, liquid-membrane-based methods for the analysis of trace metal species in samples of environmental and biological origin were developed. By incorporating extracting reagents in the membrane liquid, trace metal ions were selectively separated from humic-rich natural waters and urine samples, prior to their determination using various instrumental techniques. The extractions were perf

Plate end debonding : a modified approach to predict stress in FRP–concrete bond

An important failure mode of RC beams retrofitted with FRP plates is plate end debonding. Design codes provide equations for estimating shear stress at the plate end, but none of these equations include the FRP to concrete width ratio. This paper suggests an improved equation for calculating shear stress that includes the width ratio. The new equation was obtained by fitting 3D nonlinear FEM resul