Att planera lokal och regional kollektivtrafik i så kallade ’starka stråk’ – det vill säga att koncentrera infrastruktur och resurser till ett antal färre, men attraktivare stråk i en stad eller en region – är ett standardförfarande i samtida kollektivtrafikplanering. Så har inte alltid varit fallet dock. Denna avhandling visar hur organiseringen av beslutsfattande, planeringspraktiker och den rumPlanning local and regional public transport in so-called ’transit corridors’ – i.e., to concentrate infrastructure and resources to few, but more attractive corridors in a city or a region – is commonplace in contemporary public transport planning. This has not always been the case, however. In this thesis I analyze how transit corridors have come to dominate the policies and planning practices o

After emerging in China in late 2019, the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread worldwide, and as of mid- 2021, it remains a significant threat globally. Only a few coronaviruses are known to infect humans, and only two cause infections similar in severity to SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, a species closely related

Market-based fisheries management systems give incentives to reduce the fleet size and employment, which increases earnings and contributes to resolve the tragedy of the commons. However, the often-stated expectation that economies of scale cause the disappearance of small-scale fishery is not observed in many cases. In this study, we investigate the effects on fleet structure in the period after

In order to provide Internet access to rural areas and places without a reliable economic electricity grid, self-sustainable drone-based cellular networks have recently been presented. However, the difficulties of power consumption and mission planning lead to the challenge of optimal sizing of the power supply for future cellular telecommunication networks. In order to deal with this challenge, t

The human kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) and the transcribed pseudogene KLKP1 are reported to be highly expressed in the prostate. When trying to clone transcripts of KLKP1, we partly failed. Instead, we identified an androgen-regulated transcript, KLK4T2, which appeared to be a splice variant of KLK4 that also contained exons of KLKP1. Expression analysis of KLK4, KLK4T2, and KLKP1 transcr

Collagens play important roles in development and homeostasis in most higher organisms. In order to function, collagens require the specific chaperone HSP47 for proper folding and secretion. HSP47 is known to bind to the collagen triple helix, but the exact positions and numbers of binding sites are not clear. Here, we employed a collagen II peptide library to characterize high-affinity binding si

S100A9, a pro-inflammatory alarmin, is up-regulated in inflamed tissues. However, the role of S100A9 in regulating neutrophil activation, inflammation and lung damage in sepsis is not known. Herein, we hypothesized that blocking S100A9 function may attenuate neutrophil recruitment in septic lung injury. Male C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with the S100A9 inhibitor ABR-238901 (10 mg/kg), prior to cer

Background: Population-based patient reported outcome data in oesophageal cancer are rare. The main purpose of this study was to describe health-related quality of life (HRQOL) 1 year after the diagnosis of oesophageal cancer, comparing subgroups of curatively and palliatively managed patients. Methods: This is a nationwide population-based cohort study, based on the Swedish National Registry for

Background: Adult children are often key carers of frail older parents providing care for a long period of time in different care contexts. However, research concerning adult children’s caregiving experiences, from providing home-based care to facing the death of a parent in a nursing home is sparse. Thus, the aim was to explore the transition from living at home to moving into and living in a nur

The fabrication of bit-patterned media (BPM) is crucial for new types of hard disk drives. The development of methods for the production of BPM is progressing rapidly. Conventional lithography reaches the limit regarding lateral resolution, and new routes are needed. In this study, we mainly focus on the dependence of the size and shape of magnetic nanodots on the Ar+-ion etching duration, using s

Thin films of the lead-free ferroelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 grown on thin-film Pt electrodes supported by SrTiO3 substrates have a complex microstructure consisting of crystalline grains with three distinct major crystallographic orientations. The piezoelectric response measured in spatially separated sub-micron grains using time-resolved synchrotron x-ray microdiffraction is highly inhomogeneous eve

Parkinson’s disease (PD) can produce postural abnormalities of the standing body position such as kyphosis. We investigated the effects of PD, deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), vision and adaptation on body position in a well-defined group of patients with PD in quiet standing and during balance perturbations. Ten patients with PD and 25 young and 17 old control partic

We apply advanced X-ray diffraction techniques at synchrotron microfocus beamlines in order to study the local ultrastructure of biogenic calcite with high spatial and angular resolution. Specifically, we investigate individual calcitic prisms extracted from Pinna nobilis mollusk shells with an aim to shed additional light on the structural aspects of organic/inorganic interfaces. We use annealing

Strained semiconductors are ubiquitous in microelectronics and microelectromechanical systems, where high local stress levels can either be detrimental for their integrity or enhance their performance. Consequently, local probes for elastic strain are essential in analyzing such devices. Here, a scanning X-ray sub-microprobe experiment for the direct measurement of deformation over large areas in

We report on the quantitative determination of the strain map in a strained silicon-on-insulator line with a 200×70 nm2 cross section. In order to study a single line as a function of time, we used an x-ray nanobeam with relaxed coherence properties as a compromise between beam size, coherence, and intensity. We demonstrate how it is possible to refine the line deformation map at the nanoscale, an

We present the results of the study of the correlation between the electrical and structural properties of individual GaAs nanowires measured in their as-grown geometry. The resistance and the effective charge carrier mobility were extracted for several nanowires, and subsequently, the same nano-objects were investigated using X-ray nanodiffraction. This revealed a number of perfectly stacked zinc

Background and aims: The endothelium plays a major role in atherosclerosis, yet the endothelial plaque surface is a largely uncharted territory. Here we hypothesize that atherosclerosis-driven remodeling of the endothelium is a dynamic process, involving both damaging and regenerative mechanisms. Methods: Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immuno-SEM, we studied endothelial junction ultr

Numerous imaging methods have been developed over recent years in order to study materials at the nanoscale. Within this context, scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy has become a routine technique, giving access to structural properties with sub-micrometre resolution. This article presents an optimized technique and an associated software package which have been implemented at the ID01 beamline