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Episodiska minnen kan sträcka sig bortom direkta upplevelser. Till exempel, om du ser en kvinna promenera med en hund och senare observerar en man med samma hund, kan du dra slutsatsen att det finns en koppling mellan dem. Sådana inferenser är centrala för att möjliggöra flexibelt beslutsfattande och generalisering av tidigare kunskap till nya situationer, och anses bero på mekanismer för minnesinEpisodic memories can extend beyond direct experiences. For example, if you see a woman walking a dog and later observe a man walking the same dog, you might infer a connection between them. These inferences, crucial for making novel decisions and extending knowledge to new situations, are thought to rely on memory integration mechanisms.Two main mechanisms have been proposed for memory integratio

This study investigates how the brain encodes episodic events to support diverse memory functions. Thirty-six participants viewed movies simulating real-life interactions while EEG was recorded. They first watched movies featuring two characters (AB), followed by scenes where one original character interacted with a new one (BC). Memory was assessed for direct (AB and BC), indirect (AC) associatio

BACKGROUND: Haemophilus influenzae community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common, and it is equally common to Streptococcus pneumoniae in some settings. The purpose of this study was to provide additional data on patients affected by H. influenzae CAP and their outcomes.METHODS: Streptococcus pneumoniae-caused CAP (111 cases) was compared to CAP with H. influenzae (53 cases). Patients were adults (

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant health threat for adults. Although conjugate vaccines have reduced pneumococcal CAP incidence in children, Streptococcus pneumoniae-related CAP remains prevalent among older adults. The nasopharynx acts as a reservoir for S. pneumoniae, yet the interplay between this pathogen and the nasopharyngeal microbiome during and after pneumonia remains po

An efficient extension of conventional rate-dependent crystal plasticity is formulated to include the influence of block boundaries in lath martensite. It is shown that this can be achieved by minor modifications to a conventional crystal plasticity model, providing an efficient modeling approach with a negligible additional computational cost. With this modification, the parameter related to latt

Jordbrukslandskapet är en viktig livsmiljö för ungefär hälften av Europas växter och djur. Bevarande av biologisk mångfald i odlingslandskapet innebär bland annat att viktiga ekosystemtjänsterär bibehålls. Pollinerande insekter och naturliga fiender till skadegörare är exempel på organismer som utgör en betydande resurs i jordbruket av stor ekonomisk betydelse. Kunskap om hur jordbruksåtgärder, ti

The cerebellum is a large brain structure. Most of the mass and volume of the cerebellum is made up by the cerebellar cortex. The outer layer of the cerebellar cortex is divided functionally into long, thin strips called microzones. We argue that the cerebellar microzone computation is the aggregate of simple unit computations and a passive effect of anatomy, unaided and unlearned, which we recrea

The Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a binding international treaty signed by 196 nations to limit their greenhouse gas emissions through ever-reducing Nationally Determined Contributions and a system of 5-yearly Global Stocktakes in an Enhanced Transparency Framework. To support this process, the European Commission initiated the design and developme

Advances in Earth observation capabilities mean that there is now a multitude of spatially resolved data sets available that can support the quantification of water and carbon pools and fluxes at the land surface. However, such quantification ideally requires efficient synergistic exploitation of those data, which in turn requires carbon and water land-surface models with the capability to simulta

Current models for understanding the spatial diffusion of innovation exhibit significant limitations when it comes to explaining how transformative innovations in sectors of the foundational economy travel between cities and countries. Transformative innovations in infrastructure sectors like water, energy, or waste management are typically not reducible to single products or technologies but rely

Surface-subsurface flow models for hydrological applications solve a coupled multiphysics problem. This usually consists of some form of the Richards and shallow water equations. A typical setup couples these two nonlinear partial differential equations in a partitioned approach via boundary conditions. Full interaction between the subsolvers is ensured by an iterative coupling procedure. This can

The atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice components in Earth system models are coupled via boundary conditions at the sea surface. Standard coupling algorithms correspond to the first step of an iteration, so-called Schwarz waveform relaxation. Not iterating is computationally cheap but introduces a numerical coupling error, which we aim to quantify for the case of a coupled single column model: the EC-

Det finns ett växande intresse för den roll som lokala aktörer spelar i utformningen av regionala utvecklingsbanor i mindre, perifera regioner. Men, när de strukturella förutsättningarna är begränsade eller ogynnsamma begränsas dock möjligheterna för lokala aktörer. I denna artikel kombinerar vi begreppen agens och möjlighetsutrymme med en processmodell för adaptiva cykler för att identifiera när,There is a growing interest in the role of agency in shaping regional development paths in smaller, peripheral regions. However, when structural pre-conditions are limited or unfavourable, opportunities for local actors are constrained. In this paper, we combine the concepts of agency and opportunity space with a process-model of adaptive cycles in order to identify when, how, and why local actors

Before curation, there is collection. Before visitors engage with objects in an exhibition, collection managers engage with the objects and, in some cases, also the donors. It makes sense that especially when difficult pasts are involved, collection managers have affective encounters with the materiality before visitors do. So why has the affective turn focused mainly on engaging visitors’ emotion

Hybrid zones present a unique framework to study the genetic basis of reproductive isolation and speciation. The European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) and yellow-bellied toad (B. variegata) hybridize in a zone across several thousand kilometres in Central Europe. The Bombina system has been examined for more than a century and its scientific legacy comprises the development of the ultilocus