By employing metal salts in dilute-acid pretreatment the severity can be reduced due to reduced activation energy. This study reports on a dilute-acid steam pretreatment of spruce chips by addition of a small amount of ferrous sulfate to the acid catalyst, i.e., either SO(2), H(2)SO(3) or H(2)SO(4). The utilization of ferrous sulfate resulted in a slightly increased overall glucose yield (from 74%

The development and expansion of evaluation theory and practice is at the core of several different disciplines. There exist different traditional Information System (IS) evaluation approaches, like experimental, pragmatic, constructivist, pluralist and realist IS evaluation. IS evaluation approaches are influenced by the way they address to technology. Recently actor network theory (ANT) and soci

Quinoa stalk (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from agricultural crop residue, totora (Schoenoplectus tatora) and o-macrophytes (aquatic flora) from Lake Titicaca (on the Bolivian Altiplano) were studied in a wet anaerobic co-digestion process together with manure front llama, cow and sheep. Anaerobic semi-continuous experiments were performed in (10) 2-1 reactors at a temperature of 25 degrees C with 3

Heterostructure nanowires have many potential applications due to the avoidance of interface defects by lateral strain relaxation. However, most heterostructure semiconductor nanowires suffer from persistent interface compositional grading, normally attributed to the dissolution of growth species in the common alloy seed particles. Although progress has been made for some material systems, most bi

The thermal stresses in a concrete bridge are affected by the surrounding climate. Varying temperature will produce movements which, if restrained, may induce stresses in the structure. To predict the thermal stresses in box cross-sections, FE simulations have been performed with extensive climatic input data to simulate the temperature and resulting stress fields in the hollow concrete arch of th

Using tracking radars, we investigated the variability of flight directions of long-distance nocturnal passerine migrants across seasons (spring versus autumn migration) and sites at the southern (56A degrees N) and northern (68A degrees N) ends of the Scandinavian Peninsula (Lund versus Abisko). Whilst most migrants at Lund are on passage to and from breeding sites in Fennoscandia, the majority o

Cross-like nanostructures composed of two perpendicular ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As nanowires were fabricated using electron-beam lithography patterning. Nanostructures of different orientations with respect to the crystallographic axes of the parent (Ga,Mn)As epitaxial layer were studied. Electrical resistance of individual nanowires as a function of applied magnetic field were investigated at low te

Syftet med denna studie är att analysera hur ungdomar som varit placerade på särskilda ungdomshem upplever, definierar och tolkar ett behandlingsprojekt, som involverade olika myndigheter, benämnt Motverka Våld och Gäng. Dessutom uppmärksammas hur de tolkade de i projektet anställda samordnarna. Den personliga aspekten i relationen mellan ungdomar och samordnare framställs som viktig och det verkThe purpose of this study is to analyse the way young people who were institutionalised in so called special youth-homes experienced, defined and iterpreted on the one hand the project “Motverka Våld och Gäng” (meaning: “Counteract Violence and Gangs”), and on the other hand the Coordinators employed in this project. There is a big variation in the perception of the coordinators. One common deno

Normal and heat-treated barley, both as flour and waxy starch, were added at a concentration of 3% to a white wheat bread. The effect not only of selected additives, but also of laboratory- and industrial baking processes on stalling was evaluated. Laboratory baked breads with heat-treated barley flour differed from control breads with regard to water content, firmness and amylopectin retrogradati

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quality indicators serve as standards of care by which performance of individual hospitals is measured. Although several audits for monitoring quality of stroke care have been established in Europe, there is currently no consensus on quality indicators for acute stroke care or for methodology for collecting information on these measures. METHODS: An up-to-date inventory on

Benchmarking är en själv-värderingsmetod som gör det möjligt för organisationer att jämföra sig med andra gällande vissa prestanda- och utförandeaspekter. Syftet är att finna goda exempel, sätt att förbättra nuvarande situation samt förstå i vilket tillstånd den egna organisationen befinner sig i vad gäller dessa aspekter. Benchmarking handlar om förändring för kvalitetsutveckling men också om ide

In this paper, a penalty function is designed and used in the computation of multitapers which correspond to the Wigner and Choi-Williams distributions. The resulting multitaper spectrogram will approximately fulfill the concentration of the distribution but will additionally suppress the cross-terms outside a predetermined Doppler-lag bandwidth. The specific region as well as the amount of cross-

A measurement of the inclusive deep inelastic neutral current e(+) p scattering cross section is reported in the region of four-momentum transfer squared, 12GeV(2)

This paper describes a named entity recognition (NER) system for short text messages (SMS) running on a mobile platform. Most NER systems deal with text that is structured, formal, well written, with a good grammatical structure, and few spelling errors. SMS text messages lack these qualities and have instead a short-handed and mixed language studded with emoticons, which makes NER a challenge on