Over the last years an expanding family of small RNAs (i.e. microRNAs, siRNAs and piRNAs) was recognized as key players in diverse forms of gene silencing and chromatin organization. Effectors functions of these small RNAs are achieved through ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes containing at their center an Argonaute/Piwi protein. Although these proteins and their small RNA-associated machinery can

SO2 plays an important role in the atmospheric chemistry of the Earth, Venus, and Io. This paper presents photoabsorption cross sections of SO2 from 213 to 325 nm at 198 K, encompassing the (C) over tilde B-1(2) - (X) over tilde (1)A(1) and (B) over tilde B-1(1) - (X) over tilde (1)A(1) electronic bands. These measurements are part of a series of measurements over the 160 to 300 K temperature rang

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is an organic polycation used extensively as a gene- and DNA vaccine delivery reagent. Although the DNA targeting activity of PEI is well documented, its immune activating activity is not. We recently reported that PEI has robust mucosal adjuvanticity when administered intranasally with glycoprotein antigens. Here we show that PEI has strong immune activating activity after

Aqueous two-phase systems have frequently been utilized as an efficient bioseparation tool in the downstream processing of different biomolecules. The poly(ethyleneglycol)/poly(acrylate)/salt system, already explored successfully for purification of proteins and plasmid DNA, is here presented as an alternative approach for the isolation of small DNA fragments generated during in vitro DNA polymera

One of the most frequently applied methods for integrating controls on primary production through satellite data is the light use efficiency (LUE) approach, which links vegetation gross or net primary productivity (GPP or NPP) to remotely-sensed estimates of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). Eddy covariance towers provide continuous measurements of carbon flux, presenting an opp

This paper presents an insight into the emerging concept of master data management (MDM) and highlights issues that both academics and business managers should consider to better understand the meaning of this ‘hot topic’. This critical reflection paper is forward-looking and uses the concept of the knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) process to present an abstracted view of the potential steps

-Target temperature management is recommended as a neuro-protective strategy after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Potential effects of different target temperatures on cognitive impairment commonly described in survivors are not sufficiently investigated. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether a target temperature of 33ºC compared to 36ºC was favourable for cognitive function, and

Ammonium nutrition inhibits the growth of many plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. The toxicity of ammonium is associated with changes in the cellular redox state. The cellular oxidant/antioxidant balance is controlled by mitochondrial electron transport chain. In this study, we analysed the redox metabolism of frostbite1 (fro1) plants, which lack mitochondrial respiratory chain complex

Many persons with late effects of polio experience new or increased impairments, which can lead to walking limitations in daily life. No study has comprehensively analyzed how various self-reported impairments are associated with different aspects of self-reported walking limitations.

Neighbourhood deprivation has been implicated in lung cancer but no study has simultaneously analysed the potential effect of neighbourhood deprivation on both lung cancer incidence and mortality, after adjusting for individual-level socioeconomic factors, and comorbidities. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether there is an association between neighbourhood deprivation and incidence

Aggregation of gold nanoparticles into soluble spherical assemblies using bi-functional ligands i.e., dithiols has recently been demonstrated but with limited control over the size of such assemblies. Herein, we report a new approach to further control the size of water dispersible spherical assemblies by confining gold nanoparticles in tiny oil droplets in water (oil-in-water emulsions) followed

The diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma in serosal effusions continues to he a major challenge because some of its cytomorphological features closely resemble adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in the differentiation of epithelioid mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinomas. However, no single antibody has demonstrated absolute sensitivity or specificity. In this study, we

Hypoparathyroidism is a common complication with thyroid surgery. The ability to predict a high risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism is important for individual prognosis and follow-up.

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of falls in a general older population, especially among the most elderly, and the risk markers associated with falls.

The PA6 stromal cell line comprises a heterogeneous population of cells that can induce both mouse and human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons. This ability of PA6 cells has been termed stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA). The level of SDIA has been found to vary considerably between and within batches of PA6 cells. Not only are the molecular mechanisms that

Pruritus intensity is often not proportional to disease severity in patients with psoriasis or other pruritic dermatoses. Increasing evidence indicates that psychological factors may play an important role in the overall aetiology of pruritus. The aim of this study was to examine whether patients with psoriasis and severe pruritus differ psychologically from those with mild pruritus. In this study

The purpose of this article is to discuss the different types of instruments of innovation policy, to examine how governments and public agencies in different countries and different times have used these instruments differently, to explore the political nature of instrument choice and design (and associated issues), and to elaborate a set of criteria for the selection and design of the instrument