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The four-stroke engine was invented by Nikolaus Otto during the second half of the 19th century. Although a lot of technological improvements have been made over the years, the operating principle with four-strokes remains the same. The need and desire of engines with even higher fuel-efficiency is a motivation to study alternative engine concepts. This thesis presents studies of the Double Compre

Emulsion formation by homogenization is commonly used in food production and research to increase product stability and to design colloidal structures. High-energy methods such as high-pressure homogenizers and rotor–stator mixers are the two most common techniques. However, to what extent does the research community understand the emulsion formation taking place in these devices? This contributioEmulsion formation by homogenization is commonly used in food production and research to increase product stability and to design colloidal structures. High-energy methods such as high-pressure homogenizers and rotor-stator mixers are the two most common techniques. However, to what extent does the research community understand the emulsion formation taking place in these devices? This contributio

Therapeutic antibodies that block the programmed death-1 (PD-1)-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway can induce robust and durable responses in patients with various cancers, including metastatic urothelial cancer. However, these responses only occur in a subset of patients. Elucidating the determinants of response and resistance is key to improving outcomes and developing new treatment strat

The rate of water exchange across cell membranes is a parameter of biological interest and can be measured by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). In this work, we investigate a stochastic model for the diffusion-and-exchange of water molecules. This model provides a general solution for the temporal evolution of dMRI signal using any type of gradient waveform, thereby generalizing the sig

There is a widening gap between the fast advancement of computational methods for tomographic reconstruction and their successful implementation in production software at various synchrotron facilities. This is due in part to the lack of readily available instrument datasets and phantoms representative of real materials for validation and comparison of new numerical methods. Recent advancements in

Background: Norovirus is frequently introduced to the hospital and is a frequent cause of hospital outbreaks. Recognition of the factors that facilitate or impede norovirus transmission is an important step to effectively prevent hospital outbreaks. Aim: To investigate risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in hospital settings. Methods: Clinical data, ward setting, and norovirus genotype were colle

A questionnaire survey has been conducted in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Poland, Spain and Sweden in 2016­2017. Once every third month through one year respondents have received a link to an online questionnaire which asked them about information on any traffic accidents they might have experienced in the period. The questionnaire contains questions on various aspects related to the accidents that

Objective: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in adolescence is associated with increased risk of future osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to study clinical and radiographic risk factors for early cartilage degeneration after SCFE. Design: 22 patients (44 hips) (mean age 24 years, range 18-27) treated with in situ fixation (The Hansson hook-pin) for stable SCFE on average 11

Objective The most common aetiologies of acute pancreatitis (AP) are gallstones, alcohol and idiopathic. The impact of the aetiology of AP on the extent and morphology of pancreatic and extrapancreatic necrosis (EXPN) has not been clearly established. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of aetiology on the presence and location of pancreatic necrosis in patients with AP. Patie

Lithium abundance in most of the warm metal-poor main sequence stars shows a constarnt plateau (A(Li) ~ 2.2 dex) and then the upper envelope of the lithium vs. metallicity distribution increases as we approach solar metallicity. Meteorites, which carry information about the chemical composition of the interstellar medium (ISM) at the solar system formation time, show a lithium abundance A(Li) ~ 3.

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with at least two hadronically decaying tau leptons is presented. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb- 1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant deviation from the expected Standard

Background: Diabetes is presently classified into two main forms, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but type 2 diabetes in particular is highly heterogeneous. A refined classification could provide a powerful tool to individualise treatment regimens and identify individuals with increased risk of complications at diagnosis. Methods: We did data-driven cluster analysis (k-means and hierarchical clusterin

Two smartphone applications were developed with the aim of harvesting insights of vulnerable road user accidents. The apps require a backend database with software tools for generating and managing questionnaires, etc. Such a system was developed using a MySQL database where a user-friendly platform has been developed in CakePHP. The backend system has been successfully developed and been used to

This paper presents a measurement of the polarisation of τ leptons produced in Z/ γ∗→ ττ decays which is performed with a dataset of proton—proton collisions at s=8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb- 1 recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012. The Z/ γ∗→ ττ decays are reconstructed from a hadronically decaying τ lepton with a single charged particle in the final

Patient specific QA procedures for IMRT from Lund University Hospital

Measurements of longitudinal flow correlations are presented for charged particles in the pseudorapidity range | η| < 2.4 using 7 and 470 μ b - 1 of Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 and 5.02 TeV, respectively, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. It is found that the correlation between the harmonic flow coefficients vn measured in two separated η intervals does not factorise into the product of

Introduction: Hypoparathyroidism is the most common complication following thyroidectomy. There are few population-based reports on the rate of hypoparathyroidism in children. The incidence of medical treatment of permanent hypoparathyroidism in children is reported using a national registry. Methods: The study population included patients below 18 years of age undergoing total thyroidectomy repor

Introduction: It is unclear if antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) in thyroid surgery. This study assessed risk factors for SSI and antibiotic prophylaxis in subgroups of patients. Method and design: A nested case–control study on patients registered in the Swedish National Register for Endocrine Surgery was performed. Patients with SSI were matched 1:1 by age

Syftet med projektet var att kartlägga drifts- och underhållsförhållanden som påverkar huruvida man går och cyklar, hur mycket man går och cyklar och skaderisken färdmedelsvalet innebär. Rapporten bygger på en litteraturöversikt baserat på publikationer sökta i den svenska nationella bibliotekskatalogen TRANSGUIDE och i den ämnesövergripande databasen Web of Science. Det genomfördes även intervjue

Hemicelluloses are a group of abundant polymers found in all plants and constitute about one third of the total plant biomass. These polymers can be used in many different products, such as oxygen barrier films, emulsifiers, foams and probiotic food additives. However, the commercial development and use of new products utilizing hemicelluloses has been limited due to the high production cost. Incr