Purpose: Lymph node status is one of the most important prognostic factors in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The extent of lymphadenectomy performed in conjunction with cystectomy and the question as to whether this is a staging or therapeutic intervention are matters of discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sentinel node (SN) concept and to correlate findings with tumour status i

The aim of this study was to review randomised controlled trials on integrated and coordinated interventions targeting frail elderly people living in the community, their outcome measurements and their effects on the client, the caregiver and healthcare utilisation. A literature search of PubMed, AgeLine, Cinahl and AMED was carried out with the following inclusion criteria: original article; inte

A global faunal crisis close to the Eifelian-Givetian stage boundary in the mid-Devonian has been purported to be related to the impact of one or two major extraterrestrial bodies. This was based on unusual mineralogical and chemical features within a distinct composite marl bed, at a level c. 40 cm below the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Eifelian-Givetian boundary at Jebel Me

The integrated assessment modeling on acid rain has incorporated several related effects and pollutants into a multi-pollutant/multi-effect approach, resulting in complex integrated models and policy assessments. The development and implementation of effects-oriented cost-effective emission reduction strategies in Europe are based on integrated assessment models. The project on national integrated

We give a method for constructing non-holomorphic harmonic morphisms from Kähler manifolds. The method is then used to obtain many such examples defined locally on the complex Grassmannians.

Semiconductor nanowires of III-V materials have generated much interest in recent years. However, the growth mechanisms by which these structures form are not well understood. The so-called vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism has often been proposed for III-V systems, with a chemically inert, liquid metal particle (typically Au) acting as a physical catalyst. We assert here that An is, in fact, not

Previous studies have suggested that the Trp460 allele of the Gly460Trp polymorphism in the alpha-adducin gene is associated with salt sensitivity and primary hypertension. The present study was undertaken to evaluate if the Trp460 allele of this polymorphism is associated with primary hypertension in Scandinavians. To address this issue, 294 patients with primary hypertension and 265 normotensive

There is a potential to increase the annual use of biomass in Sweden by 125 TWh between 1994 and 2015. 125 TWh of biomass would satisfy most of the transportation-fuel demand in Sweden in 2015. Even if the biomass is primarily used for heat and electricity production, a significant fraction will be available for transportation-fuel production, if other non-fossil energy sources are utilized for el

The primary granules/secretory lysosomes of neutrophils store mature neutrophil elastase (NE) as a luminal protein after proteolytic removal of N-terminal and C-terminal pro-peptides from a proform of NE. The N-terminal pro-peptide prevents premature activation that might be toxic to the cell, but the C-terminal pro-peptide has no defined function. In this study, we investigated the role of the C-

Polynomial composition is the operation of replacing the variables in a polynomial with other polynomials. In this paper we give sufficient and necessary conditions on a set $Theta$ of noncommutative polynomials to assure that the set $G circ Theta$ of composed polynomials is a Gröbner basis in the free associative algebra whenever $G$ is. The subject was initiated by H. Hong, who treated the comm

The moderate halophile Halomonas boliviensis, isolated from a Bolivian saline soil sample, was able to accumulate poly(P-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) when grown under conditions of nutrient limitation and excess carbon source. The concentration of sodium chloride in the medium influenced the cell-growth, -size, and rate of PHB accumulation. Cultivation in shake flasks led to a PHB accumulation of about

Despite the great significance of geomorphologic-environmental data in different disciplines, there are sundry problems in relation to availability, accessibility and their applicability. Primarily the problems dealing with these data were investigated and then technical solutions to remove each of the above problems and how to manage geomorphologic-enviromnental data were suggested. The solution

The monoclonal gammopathies are a group of disorders associated with monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells. The characterization of specific entities is an area of difficulty in clinical practice. The International Myeloma Working Group has reviewed the criteria for diagnosis and classification with the aim of producing simple, easily used definitions based on routinely available investigations

Inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) have been suggested for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, autoimmune diseases, Plasmodium, and bacterial and fungal infections. Here we present the structures of N-terminally truncated (residues Met30-Arg396) DHODH in complex with two inhibitors: a brequinar analogue (6) and a novel inhibitor (a fenamic acid derivative) (7), as wel

Besides showing an extraordinary degree of phenotypic variability, Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) is also one of the world's most common plant species and a serious weed in many countries. We have employed a coalescent-based Bayesian analysis of chloroplast microsatellite data to infer demographic and evolutionary parameters of this species. Two different demographic models applied to data

Emotional aspects in interaction have been an area of growing interest in recent decades.The aims of this research were to investigate the role of emotions in interactions between individuals receiving physiotherapy and their therapists providing PT services to them in psychiatric care. The study was a qualitative case study with cross-case analysis according to Shephard et al (1993) and Merriam (

This note contains a criticism of an article by Deger and Sen (1983) who discuss the causes of military expenditure in less developed countries. It is argued that their utility function is unsuitably specified and that the conclusions drawn may be called into question. Moreover, it is doubtful whether the concept of a benevolent government that maximizes a single utility function is conducive to a