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This paper studies the consequences on high temperature corrosion when biomass is co-fired with coal in oxy-fuel combustion, a concept that would enable negative CO2 emissions by combining renewable fuels with CO2 capture. The particular focus of the work is the sulphation of alkali chlorides which is studied by means of experiments and modelling. The melting point of alkali sulphates is higher th

Irradiating a flame by microwave radiation is one of several plasma-assisted combustion (PAC) technologies that can be used to modify the combustion chemical kinetics in order to improve flame-stability and to delay lean blow-out. One practical implication is that engines may be able to operate with leaner fuel mixtures and have an improved fuel flexibility capability including biofuels. In additi

Single-shot imaging of methyl radical (CH3) in premixed methane/air flames is demonstrated using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF) technique. A pump-probe strategy was adopted with the pump laser at 212.8 nm photolyzing CH3, and with the probe laser at 426.8 nm detecting the photolyzed CH (X 2Π) fragments. Spatially resolved spectrograph of the PF-LIF signal from a stable lami

Flame emission spectra and OH* imaging are carried out together with planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of OH and CH2O to characterize the reaction zone structures of three combustion modes, i.e. a flame mode, a transition mode and a flameless mode, established in a laboratory combustor. Spectroscopic measurements indicate that the invisibility of the flameless mode can be attributed to a mo

The complete rotational CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering) spectrum of ethane (C2H6) has for the first time been recorded instantaneously under high spectral resolution, and the potential for thermometry has been investigated. Experiments were performed in the temperature range 292-650K in pure ethane and in binary mixtures with nitrogen. A polarization technique was used to suppress the

A three-dimensional (3D) direct numerical simulation (DNS) of an experimental turbulent premixed jet flame at high Karlovitz number was studied. The DNS resolution adequately resolves both the flame and turbulence structures. A reduced chemical mechanism for premixed CH4/air flames with NOx based on GRI-Mech3.0 was used, including 268 elementary reactions, and 28 transported species. Consistent po

Background: One of the most serious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). This study investigated the incidence of POPF before and after centralization of pancreatic surgery in Southern Sweden and its impact on outcome and health care costs. Methods: The local registry comprising all pancreatic resections at Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sw

Objective: To assess the trend of sex disparity in hemoglobin concentration and prevalence of anemia among Chinese school-aged children from 1995 to 2010. Study design: Data were collected from 360 866 children aged 7, 9, 12, 14, and 17 years during 4 cross-sectional surveys (1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010) of the Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health. Shifts in hemoglobin conce

Objective: To determine factors associated with higher degree of meniscal body extrusion in overweight and obese women at high risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Design: We used baseline data of the PRevention of knee Osteoarthritis in Overweight Females (PROOF) study, Netherlands, comprising overweight or obese women aged 50-60 years, free of clinical knee OA. All subjects completed a questionnair

AIMS: Exosome-mediated microRNA transfer is a recently discovered mode of cell-to-cell communication, in which microRNAs act as paracrine molecules, exerting their regulatory effects in recipient cells. T cells and endothelial cells are two main players in the mechanism of acute cellular cardiac rejection. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of exosomal microRNAs in the crosstalk bet

Many bacteria have the ability to interact with antibodies as a means to circumvent the immune response. This includes binding to the Fc portion of antibodies, effectively reversing the antibody orientation and thus decreasing the Fc-mediated immune signaling. Since antibody orientation at the bacterial surface has been shown to be important in human disease, it is valuable to be able to assess ho

Neutrophils have an incredible ability to find and eradicate intruders such as bacteria and fungi. They do this largely through the process of phagocytosis, where the target is internalized into a phagosome, and eventually destroyed by the hostile phagosomal environment. It is important to study phagocytosis in order to understand how neutrophils interact with various pathogens and how they respon

While the nano-sized energetic materials are featured with ultra-high energy density, the ubiquitous agglomeration in their combustion is still unexplored. In this paper, the combustion characteristics of aluminum nanoparticle agglomerates in the size range of 4-20μm are investigated on a modified Hencken burner with different temperature (800-1800K) and oxygen concentration (0.5-5.5mol/m3). Due t

This paper presents the results of an observation study of interactions between bicyclists and buses on shared bus lanes. The aim of the paper is to analyse bicyclists' safety on bus lanes shared with bicyclists. Straight sections of two bus lanes shared with bicyclists in Belgium are observed. All interactions between bicyclists and buses over two full weeks are recorded and analysed. Additionall

Microscopy is an essential tool for studying bacteria, but is today mostly used in a qualitative or possibly semi-quantitative manner often involving time-consuming manual analysis. It also makes it difficult to assess the importance of individual bacterial phenotypes, especially when there are only subtle differences in features such as shape, size, or signal intensity, which is typically very di