The relative influence of English (L2) vs. Russian (L1) on the translation from Swedish (L3) into Russian depending on proficiency in L3
This study examined the relative influence of L1 and L2 on the translation from L3 to L1 depending on the proficiency level of participants in the L3. Native speakers of Russian, matched for proficiency in English (L2), translated words from Swedish (L3) into Russian (L1). The words were Russian-Swedish, English-Swedish, English-Russian-Swedish cognates, and noncognates. Three groups participated